[43], historical region of Western Europe inhabited by Celtic tribes, This article is about the region. In 390 BCE the Gauls seized and plundered the city of Rome. Hellenistic folk etymology connected the name of the Galatians (Γαλάται, Galátai) to the supposedly "milk-white" skin (γάλα, gála "milk") of the Gauls. Subcategories. Feb 27, 2019 - Gaul was divided into several provinces. Other languages held to be "Gallo-Romance" include the Gallo-Italic languages and the Rhaeto-Romance languages. Map of Roman Gaul with Belgica in orange (Droysens Allgemeiner historischer Handatlas, 1886) ... With the Crisis of the Third Century and the partition of the Empire, Roman control over Gaul deteriorated in the 3rd century. the Aedui) he managed to conquer nearly all of Gaul. [33] The last record of spoken Gaulish deemed to be plausibly credible[33] concerned the destruction by Christians of a pagan shrine in Auvergne "called Vasso Galatae in the Gallic tongue". Gaul was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age and Roman era, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg and Belgium, most of Switzerland, the western part of Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany. In this context, they have built the administrative and legal foundations contemporary western civilization. The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae. guerre "war", garder "ward", Guillaume "William"), and the historic diphthong au is the regular outcome of al before a following consonant (cf. G aul (from the Latin Gallia) was the ancient name for an area roughly equivalent to modern France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Germany west of the Rhine. [6] Modern researchers say it is related to Welsh gallu,[7] Cornish: galloes,[8] "capacity, power",[9] thus meaning "powerful people". Ekblom, R., "Die Herkunft des Namens La Gaule" in: Studia Neophilologica, Uppsala, XV, 1942-43, nos. (I came, I saw, I conquered) Command Julius Caesar's Roman army Ladik Apps presents the latest Roman Empire free strategy game 'Gallic Wars of Julius Caesar'. Gaul was invaded after 120 BC by the Cimbri and the Teutons, who were in turn defeated by the Romans by 103 BC. They spoke an early variety of the Celtic language. Later, the executive was an annually-elected magistrate. Even though the Gauls traded since long before the Gallic War with the Romans, the Gallic production and trade ware much more adapted on Roman demand after the War than before. There is no certainty concerning the origin of the druids, but it is clear that they vehemently guarded the secrets of their order and held sway over the people of Gaul. Even then, however, the faction lines were clear. The Gaulish language is thought to have survived into the 6th century in France, despite considerable Romanization of the local material culture. The Greek and Latin names Galatia (first attested by Timaeus of Tauromenium in the 4th century BC) and Gallia are ultimately derived from a Celtic ethnic term or clan Gal(a)-to-. Map of the Roman Empire - Gallia. He had himself declared dictator for life and flirted with kingship. 1-2, p. 291-301. The emperor Aurelian reclaimed Gaul for Rome in 273, but Germanic tribes devastated the country as far as Spain. The fundamental unit of Gallic politics was the clan, which itself consisted of one or more of what Caesar called pagi. Related Links About Julius Caesar About the Roman Republic About the Roman Empire About Ancient Rome. English: Map of the Roman Empire around the year of the consulship of Aurelianus and Bassus (271 AD), with the break away Gallic Empire in the West and the Palmyrene Empire in the East. The cities where trade took place before Caesars triumph over Gaul were the same after the War, but the number of harbours at the Mediterranean increased, as did the quantity of sigillata- factories in Gaul. The Rhine eventually became the border between the Roman Empire and Magna Germania. This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. Roman Gaul Roman Gaul Map Caesar Gaul Map Ancient Roman Map Cisalpine Gaul Map Ancient Celtic Map Gaul Map Roman Empire Medieval Gaul Map Gaul Location Ancient Rome Gaul Map Ancient Celtic Tribes Ancient Gaul People Ancient Europe Map Ancient France Map Gallic Map Ancient Celts Map Transalpine Gaul Helvetii Ancient History Map Gaul Territory Gaul Italy Map Gallia Gaul Gods Map … *Walho- is a reflex of the Proto-Germanic *walhaz, "foreigner, Romanized person", an exonym applied by Germanic speakers to Celts and Latin-speaking people indiscriminately. The Gauls practiced a form of animism, ascribing human characteristics to lakes, streams, mountains, and other natural features and granting them a quasi-divine status. Among the Aedui, a clan of Gaul, the executive held the title of Vergobret, a position much like a king, but his powers were held in check by rules laid down by the council. Locate and label the following: • Mediterranean Sea • Tiber River • Pyrenees Mts. The druids presided over human or animal sacrifices that were made in wooded groves or crude temples. Art and Artefacts from Roman Gaul: The Atlas of Roman Pottery: very professional site, with maps and field-specific jargon, on Gaulish potsherds and where they have been found throughout Europe: "Gaulish terra sigillata, amphoras, mortaria and fine wares supplied markets throughout the western Empire, including Britain." It is cognate with the names Wales, Cornwall, Wallonia, and Wallachia. The conquest of Roman changed the character of Gaul and led to the decline of the local Celtic civilization, and the rise of a Romano-Gallic culture. The Gallic Empire, consisting of the provinces of Gaul, Britannia, and Hispania, including the peaceful Baetica in the south, broke away from Rome from 260 to 273. Despite superficial similarity, the English term Gaul is unrelated to the Latin Gallia. Only during particularly trying times, such as the invasion of Caesar, could the Gauls unite under a single leader like Vercingetorix. Caesar divided the people of Gallia Comata into three broad groups: the Aquitani; Galli (who in their own language were called Celtae); and Belgae. [20] Whereas on the first occasion they came and went, on the second they stayed. Archeologists know of cities in northern Gaul including the Biturigian capital of Avaricum (Bourges), Cenabum (Orléans), Autricum (Chartres) and the excavated site of Bibracte near Autun in Saône-et-Loire, along with a number of hill forts (or oppida) used in times of war. The region of Italy occupied by the Gauls was called Cisalpine Gaul ("Gaul this side of the Alps") by the Romans. The prosperity of Mediterranean Gaul encouraged Rome to respond to pleas for assistance from the inhabitants of Massilia, who found themselves under attack by a coalition of Ligures and Gauls. Gallo-Roman language persisted in the northeast into the Silva Carbonaria that formed an effective cultural barrier, with the Franks to the north and east, and in the northwest to the lower valley of the Loire, where Gallo-Roman culture interfaced with Frankish culture in a city like Tours and in the person of that Gallo-Roman bishop confronted with Merovingian royals, Gregory of Tours. 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