To add to the confusion, other minerals, such as spinel or garnet, may have the same deep red color as ruby. Color is ambiguous because many things can give a mineral its color. Physical Properties of Minerals Depending on Specific Gravity: The specific gravity of a mineral is the ratio of its weight to the weight of equal volume of water. This stone will bring you inspiration. The scarcity of good Spinel is the reason for its lack of … Spinel is a common mineral in some chondritic meteorites. The crystallization of Spinel is done in the isometric system, commonly forming twinned octahedral. It can be seen in a variety of different colors such as red, blue, green, violet, black, yellow, orange, grey, brown, white, and even colorless. Healing Properties of Spinel. Read on and find out other essential facts about this stone including the meanings, properties, and spinel benefits. Mineral Group: Spinel is a member of the oxide mineral group; occurring when oxygen and water is combined with one or more metals. Black Spinel is a protective stone that repels negativity and grounds the user. Black spinel is rated eight on the MOHS hardness scale and most often occurs as water-worn pebbles or octahedral crystal formations. In metaphysical realms spinel of virtually any color is known for these energy vibrations and more. Natural spinel is really a group of related minerals in which its magnesium is substituted with other elements, like iron, manganese and zinc. Inverse spinel structure is a derivative of the normal spinel structure of mineral lattices. Spinel is both a mineral and a mineral group. Even magnetite (Fe 2+ Fe 3+ 2 O 4) and chromite (Fe 2+ Cr 2 O 4) belong to this group. The crystallographic properties of the formed compound were calculated using the DICVOL procedure. Spinel is perfect to to reach for when you’re feeling a lack of energy or enthusiasm, or finding it hard to pull out of negative thoughts. The largest red spinel on display in the United States is a faceted stone of 71.15 carats in the American Museum of Natural History. Spinel is the member of the magnesium aluminium mineral group. In Khe Khi, blue spinels are found as millimeter-sized octahedra. Point Group: 4/m32/m. In fact, many rubies of notable fame belonging to crown jewel collections were found to actually be spinels. Spinel is transparent to opaque and sometimes fluorescent with a vitreous luster. It is also applied for the minerals having the general formula AB 2 X 4. to the calculation of mineral properties, particularly crystal structures, co- ions are obtained by accurate Hartree-Fock or Kohn-Sham methods, and is obtained approximately with density functionals ... stishovite or spinel structures, and so the bonding in perovskite can be I'he non-spherical Fine Red Spinel is actually rarer than Ruby of equal color tone. When we talk about the crystal healing and metaphysical powers, the spinel of any shade is the main stone that is recognized for such type of energy vibrations. (1983) Rocks & minerals for the collector: Kingston Ontario to Lac Saint-Jean, Quebec. Pink Spinel usually occurs as small octahedron-shaped crystals which are usually twinned. Blue spinel from secondary deposits (except Khe Khi) is rounded and can reach several tens of carats. Density: 5 - 5.2, Average = 5.09 : Diaphaneity: Opaque : Habit: Irregular Grains - Occurs as splotchy, anhedral crystals forming inclusions in other minerals or rocks. This makes it an excellent stone for workaholics. The name Spinel comes from the Latin word “spinella” meaning “little thorn” due to the sharp points on the octahedral crystals. Its typical red color, although pinker, rivals the color of ruby . It opens the chakras* and facilitates movement of Kundalini* energy up the spine. It has a relatively high hardness compared to some other minerals and its 7.5 – 8.0 in the Mohs hardness scale. Relief: High positive. Plagioclase in peridotite is stable in garnet at relatively low pressures (shell depths), alumina spinel at high pressures (at 60 km or more depths) and higher pressures. Pleochroism: Anomalous pleochroism is sometimes observed. Minerals in the oxide group have varying physical properties with hardness that can range from 5-9 on Moh’s scale and colors that can range from black to an array of beautiful and vibrant colors. Category-Oxide mineral Spinel group Brilliance-Very high Luster-Vitreous Mohs scale hardness-7.5-8.0 Formula- MgAl2O4. As a mineral group it shares the same structure but varies in chemical composition. The structure is named after the mineral MgAl 2 O 4, and oxide spinels have the general formula AB 2 O 4. Spinel stone meaning is a valid mineral in its own benefits and many positive energetic properties. Valuation of Spinel. It has the formula MgAl 2 O 4 in the cubic crystal system.Its name comes from the Latin word spinella, which means spine in reference to its pointed crystals. Spinel is a stone of revitalization, and it can re-energize all aspects of yourself. Larger gemmy crystals of red, blue or green color can be found in marbles. 44: 757-760; [Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index, 3rd Edition"] Quick Nav Top Physical Properties Chemical Properties Other Information References Internet Links Localities Locality List Mineral Group: Spinel is a member of the oxide mineral group; occurring when oxygen and water is combined with one or more metals. From a chemical aspect, spinels exhibit acid-base and redox properties, which play a key role in several catalytic reactions involving oxygen species. With a hardness of 8 on the Moh's scale, it can be designed into all types of jewellery including rings. Refractive Index. August birthstone Pink Spinel is quite popular amongst healers around the world. Common opaque minerals are graphite, oxides such as magnetite or ilmenite, and sulfides such as pyrite. Spinel is a very attractive and historically important gemstone mineral. NEW DATA ON THE ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF SPINEL, MAGNETITE, AND CADMIUM OXIDE by Anthony Wayne England S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1965) S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1965) SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF … Spinel is most often cut in cushion and oval shapes; when properly proportioned it has excellent brilliance. The "Y" element is typically Al, but may also be Fe 3+ or Cr. Eckermann, H. von (1922): The alkali-spinel of the Mansjö Mt. Its rose tinted variety was known as Balas Ruby in earlier times. Spinel is a very soothing stone, as it calms and relieves stress, anxiety, PTSD and depression. They are naturally occurring magnets, that attract pieces of iron. Spinel. This protective stone is especially great for relationships. Spinel belongs to the cubic crystal system and its characteristic crystal shape is an octahedron, which looks like … Franklin and Sterling Hill New Jersey: the world's most magnificent mineral deposits. In ultramafic complexes, most of the derived temperature estimates range between 700 ° and 850 °C, and appear generally lower than those given by other geothermometers, based upon Ca or Al contents of coexisting pyroxenes. Even magnetite (Fe 2+ Fe 3+ 2 O 4) and chromite (Fe 2+ Cr 2 O 4) belong to this group. tric mineral structures composed of spinel as a major interior phase (or as inclusions), followed by anorthite and then Al,Ti clinopyroxene toward their exteriors (Fig. Spinel is both a mineral and a mineral group. Before the rise of modern gemology in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries, spinel was often identified as corundum, as they are often found in the same mines. This stone is for mental rejuvenation and is invigorating. Spinel oxides with a generic formula of AB2 O 4 are chemically and thermally stable materials suitable for various applications including catalysis. SPINEL: Spinel (MgAl 2 O 4) is a much maligned gem mineral that is often thought of as a corundum simulant because in red and blue varieties it can closely resemble ruby or sapphire.It is, however, an outstanding gem material in its own right; it is hard (8), possesses an intermediate to high R.I., shows good dispersion, and is available in a wide variety of colors. A bright red variation, Pyrope, has the chemical formula Mg 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12. It is generally underappreciated compared to other colored stones, lending itself to more affordable prices, but this gem, said in Burma to be polished by the spirits, has a beauty that is difficult to ignore. Hardness: 6.5-7 - Pyrite-Quartz : Luster: Metallic : Streak: black : Optical Properties of Cuprospinel Spinel (/ s p ɪ ˈ n ɛ l /) is the magnesium/aluminium member of the larger spinel group of minerals. Most Spinels were originally mistaken for precious gems, such as Rubies and Sapphires. EXAMPLES FOR SPINEL AND INVERSE SPINEL STRUCTURES. The presence of chromium results in red, pink and orange spinel. Opaque minerals do not transmit light in thin sections. Spinel is consider a durable gemstone overall suit for everyday wear. Pink Spinel Meaning And Properties . GSC Misc. 1) MgAl 2 O 4 has normal spinel structure since both the divalent and trivalent ions are non transition metal ions. In these igneous rocks, the magmas are relatively deficient in alkalis relative to aluminium. Spinel is a mineral group that occurs in a vast array of colors, with an hardness of 8 on the Mohs mineral jhardness scale, natural gemstone is considered a durable stone, very appreciated since the ancient times. Lodestone; Polished Lodestone Lodestone is a piece of magnetite or other naturally magnetized mineral, able to be used as a magnet. Spinels are one of a few relatively common isotropic minerals. Harmonic and anharmonic properties of spinel MgAl2O4 Isao Suzuki; Isao Suzuki 1. >oxides (including ilmenite, spinel, and a mineral discovered in rocks collected by Apollo 11 astronauts and named armalcolite, a word made from the first letters of the astronauts’ surnames—Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins). The historically significant 5.08 centimeter "Black Prince Ruby" in the center of the British Imperial Crown was only recently identified as a spinel. Spinel and its properties Spinel (MgAl2O4) is a gemstone that has often been mistaken for ruby. The spinel series contains the mineral spinel, also called ruby spinel (q.v.) Spinel compositions are Mg- and Al-rich although moderate amounts of Cr It is often found in octahedral crystals. Spinel Information. Blue spinel from secondary deposits (except Khe Khi) is rounded and can reach several tens of carats. Spinel comes from the Latin word, “spina”, which means “spine” and describes the sharp, needle-like formations that create Spinel crystals. Large spinels are in the mineral collection of the British Museum of Natural History, including a polished stone of 520 carats taken during the war with China in 1861. Spinel is a mineral group. Spinel Information. Spinel is a magnesium aluminum oxide, occurring in many colors with excellent durability. It is a valid mineral which is well composed of the positive powers and properties. It is usually in small, dark colored grains, generally showing octahedron faces. Category-Oxide mineral Spinel group Brilliance-Very high Luster-Vitreous Mohs scale hardness-7.5-8.0 Formula- MgAl2O4. Spinel is an oxide mineral and its crystal system is cubic. It comes in a wide range of colors, which means it can be used to revitalize every chakra. Search for other works by this author on: GSW. Spinel Metaphysical and Crystal Healing Properties Spinel gives encouragement in difficult situations. In well-shaped red crystals, gem cutters may even out a crystal into a perfect octahedron. When we talk about the crystal healing and metaphysical powers, the spinel of any shade is the main stone that is recognized for such type of energy vibrations. As a mineral group it shares the same structure but varies in chemical composition. But because of its scarcity, spinel isn’t found in a standardized size. Sheridan, Douglas M., Raymond, William H. (1977) Open-File Report Vol. There is no question of CFSE. Spinel PPL properties. As nouns the difference between mineral and spinel is that mineral is (geology) any naturally occurring inorganic material that has a (more or less) definite chemical composition and characteristic physical properties while spinel is (mineralogy) any of several hard minerals of cubic symmetry that are mixed oxides of magnesium and aluminium and are used as gemstones of various colours. Spinel Geological Properties Spinel minerals are a magnesium aluminum oxide with varying other impurities that affect color. Specific gravity of spinel is in the rage from 3.58 to 3.61 but sometimes it can increase depending on the composition. These alphabetical listings include synonyms of accepted mineral names, pronunciation of that name, name origins, and locality information. Optical Properties of Minerals. Optical Properties of Spinel. Specific gravity is depending on the weight of the specimen, palm is the judge. It is easy to look at a ruby illuminated by white light and say it … Although spinel has been used in jewelry since ancient times, this gemstone has only recently received the attention it deserves. Spinel’s hardness is rated at 7.5 to 8 on the Moh’s scale of mineral hardness. It may also be colored black, blue, green, violet, yellow, purple, brown, orange and some less common colors as well. No better testimony to spinel's magnificent properties can be found, than to consider the magnetic characteristics of the ancient spinel mineral, magnetite (Fe 3 O 4). This mineral occurs in a variety of colors including the more well known red colored stones. It will help release your stress and anxieties, and it will replenish your low energy levels, similar to Citrine. It has a Mohs hardness of 8, a high tenacity, and a specific gravity between 3.5 and 3.61. Ringwoodite - SiMg 2 O 4, an abundant olivine polymorph within the Earth's mantle from about 520 to 660 km depth, and a rare mineral in meteorites Properties of true spinel. Spinel Crystal Structure and Properties. The palaeomagnetic signal of rocks arises mainly due to the presence of Fe-bearing oxide solid solutions with the spinel crystal structure (such as the titanomagnetites). Spinel. It opens the chakras* and facilitates movement of Kundalini* energy up the spine. Spinel octahedron from Morogoro, Tanzania. Since beauty, rarity and durability measure the value of a mineral as a gemstone, certainly red, light red and orange spinel (pronounced spin-ELL, not SPINE-el) should rank near the top. Spinel is found in areas that are famous for sapphire deposits. Sabina, A.P. As the Black Prince's [Spinel] Ruby illustrates, with regard to spinels, there is no want of esthetic qualities and important properties, but there is lack of recognition. For many centuries, most gem spinels were misidentified as sapphire or ruby because they have similar properties and occur in the same geological deposits. Spinel MgAl2O4 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Cubic. Ncalc = 1.73 - 1.76. Spinel crystallizes in the isometric system; common crystal forms are octahedra, usually twinned. The crystallization of Spinel is done in the isometric system, commonly forming twinned octahedral. Color is one of the most misunderstood mineral properties. or magnesia spinel; other members include hercynite (iron aluminum oxide, FeAl 2 O 4), gahnite (zinc aluminum oxide, ZnAl 2 O 4), and galaxite (manganese aluminum oxide, MnAl 2 O 4). Spinels that the jeweler is most apt to see in the trade are the magnesium-aluminum spinels; that is, they are magnesium aluminates, with the chemical formula expressed as MgAl 2 O 4. Since they are aluminium oxide, spinels are related to corundum (Al 2 O 3) and to chrysoberyl (BeAl 2 O 4 ). References: Dunn, Pete J. 2) Mn 3 O 4 is a normal spinel since the Mn 2+ ion is a high spin d 5 system with zero LFSE. Spinel is a rare aluminum magnesium oxide mineral that crystallizes in the form of octahedral crystals, dodecahedral, cubic, and massive formations. It can be seen in a variety of different colors such as red, blue, green, violet, black, yellow, orange, grey, brown, white, and even colorless. The opaque, black variety, known as Pleonast, has a good luster and is used as a black gemstone. Low—Light minerals (less weight). Spinel the Mineral. Spinel detoxifies the body and is particularly useful when fasting, or are using natural diuretics and natural cleansing teas. Report 32, 74-75. Spinel-group minerals, specifically spinel, hercynite, and chromite, are found in a wide range of terrestrial and extraterrestrial geological environments. has the properties and are widely used as electromagnetic wave absorbing materials in the VHF/UHF region and as radar absorbing materials in C-band frequencies. ... the spinel was recognized as a separate mineral from the ruby. Physical Properties of Spinel. To find out more about this mineral at minDat's website, follow this link Spinel. Moderately bright to weak cherry-red. As a mineral it has the following chemical composition: MgAl 2 O 4. Spinel MgAl2O4 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Cubic. Spinel naturally occurs in octahedral crystals. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, 1-1 Tsushima-naka-3, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan * E-mail: [email protected]. Gladstone-Dale: CI meas = -0.017 (Superior) - where the CI = (1-K PDmeas /K C) CI calc = -0.035 (Excellent) - where the CI = (1-K PDcalc /K C) K PDcalc = 0.2123,K PDmeas = 0.2085,K C = 0.205. Habit/Form: Crystals are usually octahedrons yielding triangular, square, or diamond-shaped cross sections in thin section. The shape of fused mineral grain particles is an important factor for measuring functionality. Spinel Metaphysical and Crystal Healing Properties Spinel gives encouragement in difficult situations. Physical & Optical Properties of Spinel. Spinel is a mineral group that occurs in a vast array of colors, with an hardness of 8 on the Mohs mineral jhardness scale, natural gemstone is considered a durable stone, very appreciated since the ancient times. Visit our expanded selection of mineral … The Myanmarans recognized spinel as a separate gem species as early as 1587, but beyond its border, spinel was referred to as "balas ruby" for hundreds of years. Physical Properties of Cuprospinel : Cleavage: None : Color: Black. 1.78 - 1.89. Spinel is an oxide mineral with a composition of MgAl 2 O 4 and an isometric crystal structure. A blocky grain is tough and offers a long life and better metal removal properties. Medium—Intermediate minerals (medium weight). Spinel commonly forms as octahedral crystals and can occur as lovely perfectly shaped octohedrons. Spinel is a stone of hope, revitalization, and feeling the joy of being alive. Commonly as octahedra, to 30 cm, may show dodecahedron or cube faces, rarely as dodecahedra; coarse granular, rounded, massive. Black Spinel. 1) MgAl 2 O 4 has normal spinel structure since both the divalent and trivalent ions are non transition metal ions. Red Spinel is the Ruby-red variety of the Spinel family. Color: Colorless, pale gray, pale gray-green, pale green, pale blue, pale pink. A to Z Listing of Minerals. (1995). Its specific gravity is also similar to ruby. Properties Physical Properties. Test and Identification of Spinel. Ruby is aluminum oxide and spinel is … An empirical calibration of the spinel-olivine geothermometer (Evans and Frost, 1975) is attempted and applied to parageneses of lherzolitic rocks. Additional Information: Fluoresces best at longwave. Spinel, on the other hand, is a durable and long-lasting stone which is perfect for making jewelry. It has the formula MgAl 2 O 4 in the cubic crystal system.Its name comes from the Latin word spinella, which means spine in reference to its pointed crystals. The samples’ refractive index ranged from 1.711 to … The process by which lodestone is created has long been an open question in geology. This red crystal is fully translucent. Recent analyses of Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) data have identified an Mg-spinel lithology previously unobserved on the lunar surface [1,2]. Due to its hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, spinel is only a shade less hard than ruby, which is 9. The mineral does not show any cleaving properties, although it should still be handled with care to avoid chips through impact just like any other gemstones. 2) Mn 3 O 4 is a normal spinel since the Mn 2+ ion is a high spin d 5 system with zero LFSE. Often it is faceted in cushion, round, or oval shapes. Description: Spinel is found as an accessory mineral in mafic to ultramafic igneous rocks, in marbles and other metamorphic rocks and as a rare heavy mineral in placer deposits. It has an imperfect octahedral cleavage and a conchoidal fracture. Indeed, minerals with the spinel structure crystallize in a wide range of physical-chemical conditions, from the upper mantle to crust, as well as in extraterrestrial bodies, e.g., Moon, Mars, and meteorites (e.g., Papike et al., 2005; Righter et al., 2006). Point Group: 4/m32/m. Index Terms- Spinel Ferrites, Magnetic Properties, Saturation Magnetization, Zero Field Cooling, Blocking Temperature, Permeability, Q-factor, DC-bias-superposition I. Best spinels don’t come with inclusions and don’t require any chemical treatment. The "X" element is typically Mg, Fe, or Ca. Spinel gemstones have isometric crystal systems. Spinel comes in a wide range of stunning hues and can also exhibit optical phenomena like asterism and color-change. Chakra: Root Zodiac: Taurus & Scorpio Element: Fire Family: Spinel Mineral: Magnesium Aluminum Oxide Color: Spinel comes in a wide array of colors Key Words: Protection, Revitilives, Inspires Like any other black stone, spinel helps to protect and ward off negative energy. The samples’ refractive index ranged from 1.711 to … In Khe Khi, blue spinels are found as millimeter-sized octahedra. Although some examples of chromite have been identified in M3 spectra for the Sinus Aestuum region [3], most spinel observations thus far appear to be Mg-Al spinel. And also as a primary mineral in rare mafic igneous rocks. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar. Spinel is a beautiful and fascinating gemstone that is once again receiving the attention and admiration that it deserves. Optical and Physical Properties. Spinel and ruby are chemically similar. 1). Small minerals and mineral groups in peridotite include plagioclase, spinel (usually mineral chromite), garnet (especially mineral pyrope), amphibole and flogopite. Red Spinel Meaning and Properties . It’s a magnesium aluminum oxide mineral very common in rounded grains and aggregates. Special properties and its uses - This stone is available in many colors red, blue, green, yellow, black and brown. Its rose tinted variety was known as Balas Ruby in earlier times. Spinel Properties. Spinel usually occurs as small octahedron-shaped crystals which are usually twinned. It’s very common in rounded grains and aggregates. The name Spinel is from the Latin word “spina” which means spines. This refers to the stone’s needle-like formations. Thus, the fine-grained opaque mineral that forms the intricate reticulate texture within, as well as on either side of, the studied seam (and which exhibits a higher reflectivity than Cr-spinel; Figure 1b) is probably titanomaghemite and formed during oxidation of … Garnet is actually a group of minerals with closely related chemical and physical properties. Spinels are actively studied by solid 75 state scientists, for their electric and magnetic properties: it is noteworthy that one of the most 76 common spinels, magnetite, is likely to be related with the discovery of magnetism, as reported by 77 the Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder (23–79 AD). The properties of lunar minerals reflect … 1977 (77-607), Preliminary data on some Precambrian deposits of zinc-copper-lead sulfides and zinc spinel (granite) in Colorado.US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr77607 The hardness of Spinel is 8 on the Moh’s scale, which determines that it is solid in its texture and formation. The spinel structure is formulated MM' 2 X 4, where M and M' are tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated cations, respectively, and X is an anion (typically O or F). Spinel is a mineral group that occurs in a vast array of colors, with an hardness of 8 on the Mohs mineral jhardness scale, natural gemstone is considered a durable stone, very appreciated since the ancient times. In the present work, for the first time, the possibility of formation of CrAl2O4 was shown from the equimolar mixture of co-precipitated Al2O3 and Cr2O3 oxides under a reductive environment. A (2019) Silicocarbonatitic Melt and Spinel-Bearing Dunite of Crustal Origin at the Parker Phlogopite Mine, Notre-Dame-du-Laus, Quebec, Canada. The hardness of Spinel is 8 on the Moh’s scale, which determines that it is solid in its texture and formation. Spinel is a rare aluminum magnesium oxide mineral that crystallizes in the form of octahedral crystals, dodecahedral, cubic, and massive formations. Spinel (/ s p ɪ ˈ n ɛ l /) is the magnesium/aluminium member of the larger spinel group of minerals. As a mineral it has the following chemical composition: MgAl 2 O 4. The central role of spinel-type compounds, both in the Earth Sciences and in many other scientific and technological fields, is well known. Group: Spinel Uses: Major ore of iron and as mineral specimens. Perhaps the greatest mistake is the Black Prince's Ruby set in the British Imperial State Crown. Structure and composition of: OLIVINE, SPINEL, GARNET OLIVINE Major constituent mineral of the earth’s upper mantle, found in peridotite (rock composed of >50% olivine mineral) (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 That is, solid solution of forsterite Mg2SiO4 and fayalite Fe2SiO4 Solid solution – continuous variation in chemical composition & physical properties Spinel is a common mineral in some chondritic meteorites. Nevertheless, these minerals are chemically distinct. EXAMPLES FOR SPINEL AND INVERSE SPINEL STRUCTURES. Opaque Minerals, Isotropic Minerals, Anisotropic Minerals, Birefringence and Interference Colors. It is a valid mineral which is well composed of the positive powers and properties. Spinel is the member of the magnesium aluminium mineral group. The spectral reflectance properties of spinel-group minerals in the MgAl2O4-Fe2+Al2O4-Fe2+Cr2O4 (spinel-hercynite-chromite) compositional space have been examined in conjunction with The deep-red variety, often called Ruby Spinel, is the most prized form, and is a very good substitute for Ruby.Spinel is also an important pink gemstone. CAIs P3-4 and P6-14 have discontinuous rims of forsterite and/or enstatite. So, they appear black in both PP and XP light at all times. Subequant anhedral grains also are common. Optical and Physical Properties. For example, the manufacture of grinding wheels requires an abrasive grain shape that is blocky but having sharp edges. Commonly as octahedra, to 30 cm, may show dodecahedron or cube faces, rarely as dodecahedra; coarse granular, rounded, massive. Spinel is a metamorphic mineral. However, it is an undervalued gemstone, with its cost about 30% lower than Ruby. And aluminium oxide may form as the mineral corundum. Minerals 9, 613. Like ruby, the color of red spinel is due to traces of chromium.
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