Anthony was, however, among the first known to go into the wilderness (about AD 270), which seems to have contributed to his renown. The branches of humility are modesty, unpretentiousness and respect. Here he spent the last forty-five years of his life, in a seclusion, not so strict as Pispir, for he freely saw those who came to visit him, and he used to cross the desert to Pispir with considerable frequency. [30], Anthony found next the satyr, a "a manikin with hooked snout, horned forehead, and extremities like goats's feet." However, belief in the existence of Paul seems to have existed quite independently of the Life. [24], The fame of Anthony spread and reached Emperor Constantine, who wrote to him requesting his prayers. [13], For the next fifteen years, Anthony remained in the area,[14] spending the first years as the disciple of another local hermit. [6], A continuation of the genre of secular Greek biography,[7] it became his most widely read work. [26] Anthony was interred, according to his instructions, in a grave next to his cell. He is, however, regarded as the "first master of the desert and the pinnacle of holy monks", and there are monastic communities of the Maronite, Chaldean, and Orthodox churches which state that they follow his monastic rule. Written in Greek around 360 by Athanasius of Alexandria, it depicts Anthony as an illiterate and holy man who through his existence in a primordial landscape has an absolute connection to the divine truth, which always is in harmony with that of Athanasius as the biographer. The first to report on the temptation was his contemporary Athanasius of Alexandria. Translated into several languages, it became something of a best seller in its day and played an important role in the spreading of the ascetic ideal in Eastern and Western Christianity. [4] There, Jocelin undertook to build a church to house the remains, but died before the church was even started. Athanasius' biography helped propagate Anthony's ideals. He is said to have lived until he was 105yrs. There are comparatively few icons and paintings of him. Nevertheless, St. Anthony was most known for his eloquent and compelling preaching. [33], Though Anthony himself did not organize or create a monastery, a community grew around him based on his example of living an ascetic and isolated life. Anthony or Antony the Great (Greek: Ἀντώνιος Antṓnios; Arabic: القديس انطونيوس بادية مصر; Latin: Antonius; Coptic: Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲛⲓ; c. 12 January 251 – 17 January 356), was a Christian monk from Egypt, revered since his death as a saint. Emphasis on these stories, however, did not really begin until the Middle Ages when the psychology of the individual became of greater interest. St. Anthony the Great persevered in a steady discipline with continual zeal his entire life. St. Anthony was born in 1195 (13 years after St. Francis of Assisi) in Lisbon, which is now known as Portugal. Anthony is said to have spoken to those of a spiritual disposition, leaving the task of addressing the more worldly visitors to Macarius. [25], In 338, he left the desert temporarily to visit Alexandria to help refute the teachings of Arius. Anthony is credited with assisting in a number of miraculous healings, primarily from ergotism, which became known as "St. Anthony's Fire". In 1220 he joined the Franciscan order, hoping to preach to the Saracens (Muslims) and be martyred. His feast day, 13 June, is Lisbon's municipal holiday, celebrated with parades and marriages (the previous day, 12 June, is the Dia dos Namorados in Brazil). [14] There he lived strictly enclosed in an old abandoned Roman fort for some 20 years. At the request of the brethren, Anthony was later commissioned also to teach theology, "but in such a manner, St Francis distinctly wrote, "that the spirit of prayer be not extinguished either in yourself or in the other brethren." The Latin translation helped the Life become one of the best known works of literature in the Christian world, a status it would hold through the Middle Ages.[9]. [15], Anthony is sometimes considered the first monk,[14] and the first to initiate solitary desertification,[16] but there were others before him. I am sent to represent my tribe. Although chroniclers sometimes postulated they might have been living beings, Western theology considers to have been demons. Saint Anthony is invoked as the “Saint of Miracles” and the finder of lost articles, he is known as the patron Saint of poor, and also of women who cannot conceive. St. Athanasius, also known as Athanasius the Great and Athanasius the Confessor, was a bishop and doctor of the church. To the surprise of all, he appeared to be not emaciated, but healthy in mind and body. Wonder worker. He is known by numerous titles including, the Father of all Monks, Anthony the Great, Anthony of Egypt, Anthony the Abbot, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite and Anthony of Thebes. He preached against the vices of luxury, avarice and tyranny. Page 1. [12] He then left to live an ascetic life,[12] placing his sister with a group of Christian virgins. Anthony of Egypt St Anthony (251-356) was born into a wealthy landowner family in Coma, Egypt. A tree could not grow strong, bear fruit, or live a long life unless its roots are established deep in the ground. He is the patron saint of lost things, the poor and travelers and his name is often chosen as a confirmation name. All of a sudden a bright light flashed, and the demons ran away. St. Anthony was a Franciscan (a member of the religious order founded by St. Francis of Assisi) who was known as a great preacher and theological instructor. [21], Anthony was not the first ascetic or hermit, but he may properly be called the "Father of Monasticism" in Christianity,[12][22][23] as he organized his disciples into a community and later, following the spread of Athanasius's hagiography, was the inspiration for similar communities throughout Egypt and, elsewhere. Even after his death, … Anthony’s popularity as a saint reached its height in the Middle Ages. The brethren were pleased with the Emperor's letter, but Anthony was not overawed and wrote back exhorting the Emperor and his sons not to esteem this world but remember the next. He celebrated many church events during his feast day that is January 17. His remains were reportedly discovered in 361, and transferred to Alexandria. The black-robed Hospitallers, ringing small bells as they collected alms, were a common sight in many parts of western Europe. Legendary accounts claim Abgar wrote to Christ asking Jesus to cure him of an intolerable and incurable illness. After that, he moved to one of the tombs near his native village. He is called the "Father of Orthodoxy," the "Pillar of the Church" and "Champion of Christ's Divinity." In this engraving, Dürer has juxtaposed the Saint with his cross and bible with the urban world he left behind him. Anthony." It later served as an inspiration to Christian monastics in both the East and the West,[10] and helped to spread the concept of Christian monasticism, particularly in Western Europe via its Latin translations. One day after a teaching on Jesus saying to the people, "If you want to be perfect, go, sell what you have and give to the poor, and you will have treasures in heaven; and come, follow Me" (Matthew19:21), St. Anthony sold everything he owned, gave the proceeds to the poor, and left the city behind to live in the desert. [8] Sometime before 374 it was translated into Latin by Evagrius of Antioch. Macarius the Great was a disciple of Anthony. (1845). ", "Gustave Flaubert - études critiques - Le saint-poème selon Flaubert : le délire des sens dans La Tentation de saint Antoine", "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Saint Paul the Hermit", "Venerable and God-bearing Father Anthony the Great", "The Golden Legend: The Life of Anthony of Egypt", "Spiritual Considerations on the Life of Saint Antony the Great", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anthony_the_Great&oldid=988477401, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles that need to differentiate between fact and fiction from May 2019, All articles that need to differentiate between fact and fiction, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2019, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from EB9, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Anthony gave away some of his family's lands to his neighbors, sold the remaining property, and donated the funds to the poor. Praying to Saint Anthony when something is lost is a Catholic tradition: Tony, Tony, look around. He remained there for 13 years. Most startlingly, he was famous throughout the world and even those who didn’t know him wondered at his greatness and yearned to know him. Philo opined that "this class of persons may be met with in many places, for both Greece and barbarian countries want to enjoy whatever is perfectly good. There he remained, receiving visitors and, on occasion, crossing the desert to Pispir. There it was that the Life records those strange conflicts with demons in the shape of wild beasts, who inflicted blows upon him, and sometimes left him nearly dead. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Updates? Here he is depicted with his emblem, a pig, being appealed to by a victim of St Anthony's Fire (gangrenous ergotism). 251–356), also known as Saint Anthony, or ‘Anthony of Egypt’, Abba Antonius (Ἀββᾶς Ἀντώνιος), and Father of All Monks, was a Christian saint from Egypt, a prominent leader among the Desert Fathers. Athanasius writes, "For monks, the life of Anthony is a sufficient example of asceticism. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. St. Anthony the Great: Wisdom Derived from Humility Humility to virtues, it is often said, is like a root to a tree. He is often erroneously considered the first Christian monk, but as his biography and other sources make clear, there were many ascetics before him. The Catholic Encyclopedia, Bacchus, Francis Joseph. [4], Some of the stories included in Anthony's biography are perpetuated now mostly in paintings, where they give an opportunity for artists to depict their more lurid or bizarre interpretations. He is also known as the Father of All Monks. Abgar's court was in Edessa in Asia Minor (modern Turkey). There are few Catholic Churches without an image of the Saint, and people continue to honor him through festivals, novenas, fasting and prayer. Anthony had been secretly buried on the mountain-top where he had chosen to live. His parents were pious Christians of illustrious lineage. God replied, "I was here but I would see and abide to see thy battle, and because thou hast mainly fought and well maintained thy battle, I shall make thy name to be spread through all the world."[32]. Anthony or Antony the Great (Greek: Ἀντώνιος Antṓnios; Arabic: القديس انطونيوس بادية مصر; Latin: Antonius; Coptic: Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲛⲓ; c. 12 January 251 – 17 January 356), was a Christian monk from Egypt, revered since his death as a saint. In 285, he decided to foll… Most of what we know about the life of St Anthony is in the Greek vita (Life of Antony) by Athanasius, circulated in Latin. Saint Anthony the Great, (St. Anthony of Egypt, of the Desert, etc. Here are some great Saint Anthony prayers for miracles to pray in your time of need. Anthony was born into a wealthy family and was raised in the church. He was born in Egypt in the village of Coma, near the desert of the Thebaid, in the year 251. Anthony endured many such attacks, and those who witnessed them were convinced they were real. Visitors traveled great distances to see the celebrated holy man. [4] There are various legends that he worked as a swineherd during this period. Abbot Moses in Cassian (Coll. When he was about 20 years old, his parents died and left him with the care of his unmarried sister. The biography of St. Anthony’s life by St. Athanasius of Alexandria helped to spread the concept of monasticism, particularly in Western Europe through Latin … [29], Another time Anthony was travelling in the desert and found a plate of silver coins in his path. There were so many little demons in the cave though that Anthony's servant had to carry him out because they had beaten him to death. "St. Paul the Hermit. Macarius later founded a monastic community in the Scetic desert. He was credited by two local noblemen of assisting them in recovery from the disease. Many stories are also told about Anthony in various collections of sayings of the Desert Fathers. [34], The main character in the Hervey Allen novel Anthony Adverse, and the 1936 film of the same name, is an abandoned child who is placed in a foundling wheel on the saint's feast day, and given the name Anthony in his honor. The building was finally erected in 1297 and became a centre of veneration and pilgrimage, known as Saint-Antoine-l'Abbaye. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. During the 3rd and 4th centuries many ecclesiastics and monks wrote in Coptic. St Anthony the Great, Egyptian aesthetic. He ventured twice to Alexandria, the last time (c. 350) to preach against Arianism, a heretical doctrine teaching that Christ the Son is not of the same substance as God the Father. He is distinguished from other saints named Anthony such as Anthony of Padua, by various epithets of his own: Saint Anthony, Anthony of Egypt, Anthony the Abbot, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite, and Anthony of Thebes. Anthony knew that the light must have come from God, and he asked God where he was before when the demons attacked him. [21], For five or six years he devoted himself to the instruction and organization of the great body of monks that had grown up around him; but then he once again withdrew into the inner desert that lay between the Nile and the Red Sea, near the shore of which he fixed his abode on a mountain where still stands the monastery that bears his name, Der Mar Antonios. Jocelin had them transferred to La-Motte-Saint-Didier, later renamed. Top The creature tried to speak in an unintelligible language, but ultimately pointed with his hand the way desired, and then ran away and vanished from sight. (c251-356 CE) Saint Anthony (or Antony) the Great, "star of the wilderness" and "father of all Christian monks," is a greatly beloved figure of the ancient Christian world. St. Anthony exhorted the faithful to conversion, laity and clergy alike. [11], The stories of the meeting of Anthony and Paul of Thebes, the raven who brought them bread, Anthony being sent to fetch the cloak given him by "Athanasius the bishop" to bury Paul's body in, and Paul's death before he returned, are among the familiar legends of the Life. The bells of the Hospitallers, as well as their pigs—allowed by special privilege to run free in medieval streets—became part of the later iconography associated with St. Anthony. Anthony is appealed to against infectious diseases, particularly skin diseases. So exotic were the visions and so steadfast was Anthony’s endurance that the subject of his temptations has often been used in literature and art, notably in the paintings of Hiëronymus Bosch, Matthias Grünewald, Max Ernst, Paul Cézanne, and Salvador Dalí as well as in the novel The Temptation of Saint Anthony (1874) by Gustave Flaubert. The biography of Anthony's life by Athanasius of Alexandria helped to spread the concept of Christian monasticism, particularly in Western Europe via its Latin translations. Omissions? He joined the Augustinian canons in 1210 and probably became a priest. A gifted speaker, St. Anthony attracted crowds everywhere he went, speaking in multiple tongues; legend says that even the fish loved to listen. Anthony’s spiritual combats with what he envisioned as the forces of evil made his life one long struggle against the Devil. … This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Anthony-of-Egypt, Eternal Word Television Network - Biography of Saint Antony of Egypt. He went into the desert to a mountain by the Nile called Pispir (now Der-el-Memun), opposite Arsinoë. [29], While traveling through the desert, Anthony first found the centaur, a "creature of mingled shape, half horse half-man," whom he asked about directions. Saint Anthony The Great played many roles in many peoples lives. [18] He ate at most only once a day and sometimes fasted through two or four days. Known as the patron saint of the poor, of sailors and fishermen, of priests and travelers, a protector and guardian of the mails, and wonder-worker, the story of St. Anthony of Padua is very special. Padua and Portugal claim him as their patron saint, and he is invoked for the return of lost property. Many people give alms to St. Anthony Bread in thanksgiving to God for blessings received through the prayers of St. Anthony. He was a favorite subject for artists. Also prominent were the great Cappadocians: St. St. Anthony of Padua is one of the Catholic Churchs most popular saints. His sermons were so inspiring that his fame spread throughout France and Italy in the ten years before his death. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. NOW 50% OFF! He left for the alkaline Nitrian Desert (later the location of the noted monasteries of Nitria, Kellia, and Scetis) on the edge of the Western Desert about 95 km (59 mi) west of Alexandria. [11], Anthony was born in Coma in Lower Egypt to wealthy landowner parents. When he got there he called out to the demons, and they came back as wild beasts to rip him to shreds. Hes typically portrayed holding the child Jesusor a lilyor a bookor all threein his arms. Soon enough, a large school of fish rose up from the water and appeared to listen intently, only leaving after St. Anthony finished his sermon! Anthony was born near Herakleopolis Magna in Upper Egypt in 251 to wealthy parents. A disciple of St. Paul of Thebes, Anthony began to practice an ascetic life at the age of 20 and after 15 years withdrew for absolute solitude to a mountain by the Nile called Pispir (now Dayr al-Maymūn), where he lived from about 286 to 305. Corrections? Saint Anthony of Padua is one of the Church's most popular saints! A disciple of Christ sent by St. Thomas to the court of King Abgar the Black, the second century Osroene ruler. His feast day is celebrated on January 17. [4] Food was thrown to him over the wall. [29] Anthony had been under the impression that he was the first person to ever dwell in the desert; however, due to the dream, Anthony was called into the desert to find his "better", Paul. Saint Anthony is known in Portugal, Spain, and Brazil as a marriage saint, because legends exist of him reconciling couples. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Saint Anthony the Abbot, also known as Anthony the Great, Anthony of Egypt, Anthony of the Fire, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite was born at Qumans, a village on the left bank of the Nile, approximately 251 AD, and died in the Thebaid Desert on January 17, 357. Athanasius became one of the most dedicated opponents of the heresy of Arianism. [27], Anthony is said to have faced a series of supernatural temptations during his pilgrimage to the desert. He ate only bread, salt and water and never meat or wine. There were already ascetic hermits (the Therapeutae), and loosely organized cenobitic communities were described by the Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria in the 1st century AD as long established in the harsh environment of Lake Mareotis and in other less accessible regions. Britannica Kids Holiday Bundle! Hägg, Tomas. Saint Anthony the Great is known as the Father of monasticism, and the long ascetical sermon in The Life of Saint Anthony by Saint Athanasius (Sections 16-34), could be called the first monastic Rule. It is possible these events, like the paintings, are full of rich metaphor or in the case of the animals of the desert, perhaps a vision or dream. Saint Anthony is known for the miracles witnessed during his lifetime. [4], When Anthony sensed his death approaching, he commanded his disciples to give his staff to Macarius of Egypt, and to give one sheepskin cloak to Athanasius of Alexandria and the other sheepskin cloak to Serapion of Thmuis, his disciple. When Christian persecution ended after the Edict of Milan (313), he moved to a mountain in the Eastern Desert, between the Nile and the Red Sea, where the monastery Dayr Mārī Antonios still stands. Also known as Anthony of Egypt, Anthony of the Desert, and Anthony the Anchorite, he was a leader among the Desert Fathers, who were Christian monks in the Egyptian desert in the 3rd and 4th centuries AD. The rule that bears his name was compiled from writings and discourses attributed to him in the Life of St. Antony by St. Athanasius and the Apophthegmata patrum and was still observed in the 20th century by a number of Coptic and Armenian monks. Besides preaching, he organized relief for the poor, the abolition of debtors prisons, and the release of prisoners captured in the wars between city-states. He was born around 251 and died around 356. [28], Anthony was on a journey in the desert to find Paul of Thebes, who according to his dream was a better Hermit than he. From injuries small to large, seek the help of Saint Anthony to achieve blessings from the Lord. Several surviving homilies and epistles of varying authenticity provide scant autobiographical detail. For example, at times the Devil appeared in the guise of a monk bringing bread during his fasts or in the form of wild beasts, women, or soldiers, sometimes beating the saint and leaving him in a deathly state. When the Synod o… This creature was peaceful and offered him fruits, and when Anthony asked who he was, the satyr replied, "I'm a mortal being and one of those inhabitants of the desert whom the Gentiles deluded by various forms of error worship under the names of Fauns, Satyrs, and Incubi. In the town of Rimini, Italy, after the townspeople refused to listen to him and even mocked him, St. Anthony turned to the ocean and started preaching. The Order of Hospitallers of St. Anthony was founded near Grenoble, France (c. 1100), and this institution became a pilgrimage centre for persons suffering from the disease known as St. Anthony’s fire (or ergotism). 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