The embryo, however, is produced by the fusion of gametes, which are formed only by the haploid generation. (2) Released from its spore case, the haploid spore is carried to the ground, where it germinates into a tiny, usually heart-shaped, gametophyte (gamete-producing structure), anchored to the ground by rhizoids (rootlike projections). The life cycle of the fern has two different stages; sporophyte, which releases spores, and gametophyte, which releases gametes. The second stage or generation is the sporophyte stage, in which it develops into what we recognize as the typical fern. To follow the life cycle of the fern, begin at number one below. And as in mosses, the fern sporophyte grows from the gametophyte. Each spore grows into a photosynthetic prothallus (gametophyte) via … The first stage is that of the gametophyte. Gametophyte. This type of life cycle is called alternation of generations. The Sporophyte Generation. Sori form on the fronds. Each spore will eventually fall to the ground. Gametophyte plants are haploid, sporophyte plants diploid. The plant life cycle alternates between haploid and diploid generations. Starting with the "fern" as we recognize it (the sporophyte), the life cycle follows these steps: The diploid sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis, the same process that produces eggs and sperm in animals and flowering plants. Two Generations of the Fern Life Cycle. When the humidity drops, A single spore germinates to form a branched, filamentous protonema, from which a leafy gametophyte develops. Those that germinate will form a gametophyte. While many plants grow a mature adult form straight out of the seed, ferns have an intermediate stage, called a gametophyte, which then grows into a mature fern. They have not developed all the specialized systems that modern plants have, although ferns are more highly developed than mosses. The Life Cycle of a Fern. But in the fern life cycle, the sporophyte, not the gametophyte, is the dominant generation. The life cycle of the fern. The gametophyte bears organs for sexual reproduction. The Drypoteris fern life cycle begins with a spore. FERN LIFE CYCLE A DIFFERENT WAY OF REPRODUCING FROM FLOWERING PLANTS. Then fertilization between the plant sperm and the egg begins. Examine the image below and click on the various stages of the life cycle to see the associated images. Moss Plant Life Cycle: The capsule of a moss plant releases spores, into which grow to be a green moss plant. Each contains many sporangia mounted on stalks. The plant we recognize as a fern is the diploid sporophyte generation. Embryonic development is seen only in the diploid generation. Like mosses, most ferns are homosporous. On the underside of each frond are tiny, dark spots called sori that contain growths called sporangia that produce and release spores. The life cycle of a fern is very different from the life cycle of many other plants. The life cycle of most mosses begins with the release of spores from a capsule, which opens when a small, lidlike structure, called the operculum, degenerates. Figure 16.3.3.1 Fern life cycle. The fern has two stages of growth, or two generations, defined by their autonomous ability to stay alive.The first is the gametophyte stage when it is almost invisible to the human eye, being only about .4 inches across (1 cm). There are two distinct stages in the life cycle of ferns. (1) Clusters (sori) of sporangia (spore cases) grow on the undersurface of mature fern leaves. So understanding the relationship between the two generations is important in the study of plant development. Within each sporangium, the spore mother cells undergo meiosis producing four haploid spores each.. Ferns and mosses are both examples of “primitive plants,” according to J. Stein Carter of the University of Cincinnati Biology Department. The life cycle of a typical fern, shown in Figure 30-2, is similar to the moss life cycle.

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