agriculture of maize

by Marianne Stein, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign For a better yield of maize, one should consider soils with good organic matter content having high water holding capacity. Many varieties have been bred to suit a range of conditions. (Wheat comes in second at about 750 million tons, and rice third at about 480 million tons). Maize is a cereal crop that is grown widely throughout the world in a range of agroecological environments. Although maize is produced on a large scale in soils with a clay content below 10% (sandy soils) or above 30% (clay and clay-loam), the ideal soil for maize has a clay content of between 10% and 30%. Agriculture in South Africa has changed radically in recent years. Climate-smart agricultural practices increase maize yield in Malawi. Soil Requirements for Maize Farming: Maize or Corn can be cultivated successfully in a variety of soils ranging from clay loam to sand loamy to black cotton soil. One of the most reliable is long-term yield data collected by individual farmers, as this reflects the inherent yield of the specific environment, as well as the effect of agronomic practices such as fertilisation, soil cultivation and plant density. Several methods, each with its own limitations, can be used to determine yield potential. According to Corral, Díaz, Monagas andGarcía (2017),the objective of increasing agricultural incomes in developing countries ranks high on the political agenda. The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, known by its Spanish acronym, CIMMYT, is a non-profit research and training organization with more than 400 partners in over 100 countries. Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Utilizing Diverse Maize Genetic Resources from Around the Globe The Germplasm Enhancement of Maize project is a cooperative effort of the United States Department of … Growing Maize. Maize is the most important cereal crop in sub-Saharan Africa. Realizing its importance, planners and policy makers are always keen to have reliable area and production statistics of agricultural crops well in time. At the other extreme, frost can damage maize at all growth stages, and a frost-free period of 120 to 140 days is required to prevent damage. Like many other regions, it is consumed as a vegetable although it is a grain crop. In India the success of agriculture, particularly of the rainy- season (kharif) crops like maize, depends principally on the mon- soon. In the lowlands of the Peten and Puuk regions, for example, the soil was relatively fertile but restricted to small patches. Sorghum, groundnuts, seed maize… Policy makers primarily need accurate and timely statistics for the important crops such as wheat, cotton, rice, sugarcane, maize … All data and information provided on this site is for informational purposes only. Directorate of Agricultural Information Services of the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, in cooperation with ARC-Grain Crops Institute; Origin, History and … Yield is reduced if the temperature reaches about 32°C. Maize is an agricultural commodity of economic importance as a raw material for food and feed industries. mays) is a globally important crop with over a billion metric tons of production in 2016 (15) and is used for a variety of food and industrial products (16). One of the greatest challenges in Mesoamerica for farmers is the lack of usable land, and the poor condition of the soil. Maize is the most important cereal crop in sub-Saharan Africa. Maize (Zea mays) is today the most widely grown grain crop, with global production standing at just over one billion tons. Sources: Du Plessis, J. parviglumis … University of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences. Ogunbode and Olokojo (1999) reported that Western Nigeria generally produces about 50% of Nigeria’s green maize, the remaining 50% being split between the North and the east. (Photo: Wasim Iftikar) This article by Emma Orchardson was originally published on the website of the Maize and … But one-third of farm land is degraded, and agriculture’s share of water is falling. Some of the factors that make maize an ideal target crop for intensification in high production potential areas of the county include the following: The availability of dependable research products, Nigeria is endowed with such high production potential areas which also have low population diversity making them suitable for expanding maize production, (Action Plan for the Maize-Soybean Transformation in Nigeria), Starting a Coconut Business – Farming Business Ideas and Maintenance, Graphical Representation of Market Prices for September 2020, Graphical Representation of Market Prices for March 2020. World demand for maize, rice and wheat is projected to increase 33 percent by 2050. Maize Farming Techniques Manual District Agriculture Development Office, Gorkha District Agriculture Development Office, Sindhupalchowk The dry wood and grasses are then set on fire, and the resulting ash adds nutrients to the soil. agriculturenigeria.com makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, suitability, or validity of any information on this site and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses, injuries, or damages arising from its display or use. Cover photo: Field worker Lain Ochoa Hernandez harvests a plot of maize grown with conservation agriculture … This is 38% of total grain production, which amounts to 2,6 billion tons. Generally, maize is planted at the onset of the monsoon (end of June) … ( Zea mays ) Maize or corn is a cereal crop that is grown widely throughout the world in a range of agroecological environments. Not only is it a significant source of food for humans, but it is also valuable as animal feed and is even used in biofuel. In slash and burn agriculture, trees are cut down and left to dry for a period of time. Maize was introduced into Africa in the 1500s and has since become one of Africa’s dominant food crops. Global cereal demand by 2020 is estimated at 2.1 billion MT and will, for the first time, show a major shift in favor of maize with demand estimated at 852 million MT compared with 760 million MT for wheat and 503 million MT for rice. ‘Maize Production’. Green maize… Especially, in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the … Is the only cereal, which was grown … The American Journal of Agricultural Economics provides a forum for creative and scholarly work on the economics of agriculture and food, natural resources and the environment, and rural and community … Maize is a warm-weather crop; it is unsuitable for areas with a mean daily temperature of below 19°C, or where the mean summer temperature falls below 23 °C. Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important grain crop in South Africa and is produced throughout the country under diverse environments. Ethanol is mixed with gasoline to decrease the number of pollutants emitted when used to fuel motor vehicles. The maize (Zea maysL.) A technique to increase soil fertility was the use of raised fields, especially near water courses and flood plains. © 2020 Farmer's Weekly Magazine | Caxton Magazines Digital |, SA soils ‘extremely degraded’ by unsustainable farming, Young pig farmer shares lessons learnt during her first five years, Advice on how to start a broiler business, Why Africa’s food supply needs a regional approach, Water stress affects more than 80% of SA cropland. Agriculture remains one of the most important pillars in contemporary Zimbabwe’s economic structure. Although the minimum temperature for germination is 10°C, germination will be faster and less variable at a soil temperature of 16°C to 18°C. The quality and quantity of agricultural land around Maya cities varied depending on their location. About 50 species … Forests were cleared to make way for agriculture but such land quickly declined in fertility an… About 15,000 farmers produce maize… The most suitable soil for maize has generous depth, a favourable structure, good internal drainage, optimal moisture, sufficient and balanced plant nutrients, and chemical properties that favour maize production. About 50 species … In 2017, South African maize production was 17,5 million tons, an all-time record for the country. Until recent years, the bulk of the maize grain produced in Nigeria was from her southwest zone. The availability of dependable research products, Nigeria is endowed with such high production potential areas which also have low population diversity making them suitable for expanding maize production[8], [3] Culled from: ADOPTION OF IMPROVED MAIZE PRODUCTION, [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize#Uses, [8] Culled from the Federal Ministry of Agriculture – agricultural value chains -Maize (Action Plan for the Maize-Soybean Transformation in Nigeria). A woman in India uses a precision spreader to apply fertilizer on her farm. Well-drained soils with a pH of 5.5 to 7.0 are preferred for maize … CIMMYT is the global leader in publicly-funded maize … So Mayans not only developed huge quantities of maize… 2003. These two techniques are often combin… Nigeria alone produces almost 8,000,000 tons of maize each year, with Africa harvesting a grand yearly total of almost thirty million hectares of field corn. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Maize is increasingly used as a feedstock for the production of ethanol fuel. Maize is one of the most important cereals on Earth, especially in Africa and Latin America. This reflects a substantial growth of 72% for maize in developing countries, and 18% growth in industrial countries. It is an agricultural commodity that provides an option for import under the agreement of … France - France - Agriculture, forestry, and fishing: France’s extensive land area—of which more than half is arable or pastoral land and another quarter is wooded—presents broad opportunities for agriculture … Cereal production is further constrained by diminishing returns to high-input agriculture … Similarly, for the period April to September 2020, maize exports under the HS Code of 1005 showed a jump of 450 per cent to 9.22 lakh tonnes as against 1.67 lakh tonnes in the … ‘Maize Production’. Maize was the staple diet of the Mayan society. Journal Food Policy Funder The largest area of farmland is planted in maize, followed by wheat and, on a lesser scale, sugar cane and sunflowers. Scholars agree that maize was domesticated from the plant teosinte ( Zea mays spp. The agriculture minister noted that maize starch could be used in the textile sector. Directorate of Agricultural Information Services of the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, in cooperation with ARC-Grain Crops Institute; Origin, History and Uses of Corn’ (Iowa State University, Department of Agronomy). The grains are rich in vitamins A, C and E, carbohydrates, and essential minerals, and contain 9% protein. This led to the 2007 harvest being one of the most profitable maize crops in modern history for farmers. The two main ways to combat poor soil quality, or lack of nutrients in the soil, are to leave fields fallow for a period of time in a milpa cycle, and to use slash-and-burntechniques. Conservation agriculture systems can be considered climate-smart as they deliver on the objectives of climate-smart agriculture. Also known as corn, maize was first domesticated in southern Mexico nearly 10 000 years ago. The exports of maize and maize products fluctuate depending on season and government policy, while the share of sugar tobacco and cotton have largely remained stable. Maize (Zea mays) is a plant of enormous modern-day economic importance as foodstuff and alternative energy source. This 72% increase in demand for maize in developing countries compares with only 44% for wheat and 33% for rice, The demand for maize as a result of the various domestic uses shows that a domestic demand of 3.5million metric tonnes outstrips production of about 2 million metric tonnes (Akande 1994). At these locations stone-wall terraces were sometimes built to collect fertile silt deposits. Thus, global demand for maize in 2020 will increase by 45% (compared with 30% for wheat and 32% for rice). At 20°C, maize should emerge within five to six days. A yield of 3,2t/ha requires between 350mm and 450mm of rain per annum. PEST AND DISEASES OF YAM (Dioscorea spp. It is a staple food for those living in Sub-Saharan Africa. is a monoic annual plant which belongs to maideas tribe and the grass family of gramineae, and their cells have 2n chromosomes. Maize … Corn, (Zea mays), also called Indian corn or maize, cereal plant of the grass family (Poaceae) and its edible grain. The domesticated crop originated in the Americas and is one of the most widely … More maize is produced annually than any other grain. Climate-smart agricultural practices increase maize yield in Malawi. In Natural Region II flue-cured tobacco, maize, cotton, sugar beans and coffee can be grown. It is an important source of carbohydrate, protein, iron, vitamin B and minerals. Maize (Zea mays L. subsp. Successful maize production depends on the correct application … High fuel prices in mid-2007 led to higher demand for ethanol, which in turn lead to higher prices paid to farmers for maize. ), MAIN PESTS AND DISEASES OF FRENCH BEANS (Phaseolus vulgaris), MAIN PESTS AND DISEASES OF PINEAPPLE (Ananas comosus), MAIN PESTS AND DISEASES OF MAIZE (Zea mays), SUSTAINABLE PEST MANAGEMENT IN GREEN HOUSES AND HIGH TUNNELS, How to make Your Own Animal Feeds (For Cattles and Sheep). If you have a proper land and good … They are also rich in dietary fiber and calories which are a good source of energy. There has been a dramatic shift of dry grain production to the Northern guinea savannah belt which encompasses Kwara, Kogi and Niger states. It is a staple food for an estimated 50% of the population. TIRUVANNAMALAI: Entomologists attached to the Tamil Nadu Agriculture University (TNAU) have launched a research programme to study the fall army worm (FAW) attack on maize and … According to BWMRI Director General Dr Md Israil Hossain, farmers produced 5.4 million tons of maize … Africans consume maize in a wide variety of ways (porridges, pastes and beer). Maize Yield Per Hectare In India In maize cultivation yield of crop mainly depends on the climate, field management, irrigation, variety and quality of seeds, and fertilizers. More maize is produced annually than any other grain. At maturity, each plant will have used 250ℓ of water in the absence of moisture stress. All information is provided on an as-is basis. Because of the relationship between fuel and maize, prices paid for the crop now tend to track the price of oil. Most of the commoners in the Mayan society worked on agricultural lands in order to ensure that sufficient food was grown for the entire society. 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