geography of algeria

In 1995, the country's external… Africas physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately. Conquering armies, such as those of Carthage and Rome in ancient times and the Turks much later, were attracted by the bays, because they could serve as natural harbours for their merchant and war fleets. It is bordered by Algeria and Western Sahara. Mali is a landlocked country in West Africa with an area of 1,240,192 sq. Morocco borders Algeria to the west. Algerian wine can be found in some major restaurants in the big cities and is also being exported in limited quantities. Africa has eight major physical regions: the Sahara, the Sahel, the Ethiopian Highlands, the savanna, … Since the division of Sudan in 2011, Algeria is the largest country of Africa. Domestic consumption per capita is, however, lower than in other gas-producing countries, leaving a relatively large share for export. During French rule, the country became a major supplier of wine and of fruits such as oranges. But even the desert is far from lifeless, as it contains many plants and animals that have adapted to the harsh environment, making efficient use of the scarce water resources. With an area of 336,839 sq. Algeria is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Algeria consists of three main geographical zones, each with its own climate. Algeria's wealth has always been tied to its minerals. Batna 289,504 7. Through the use of artificial lakes, the improvement of water pipelines, and the construction of desalination plants, the situation has improved recently. After that disaster it was rebuilt and renamed Chlef. The central area of the Mzab valley, with its main town, Ghardaïa, has historically been home to the Ibadi religious minority, constituting a successful trading community. miles (6,700 sq km). French friends? Featuring ALGERIA!! In contrast, the Sahara has seen the creation of some large nature reserves in order to protect fragile ecosystems. Throughout history, the Atlas has allowed rural communities in mountain valleys and in remote desert and plain regions to live isolated from the rest of the country. Environmental Issues. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the southeast by Niger, to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and the Western Saharan territory, to the west by Morocco, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. These natural parks also have economic value through their appeal to tourists. Algiers ( 2,364,230) 2. These chotts are marshes (often salty) in low-lying areas. With 2.2 percent of the world’s proven natural gas reserves, Algeria is less important than major producers such as Russia, Iran, and Qatar. The government is trying to improve the situation by building or reconstructing dams to create water reserves. On the other side of the Atlas, the High Plains (Hauts Plateaux) form a semi-arid zone. Prior to December, 2019: Adrar, Aïn Defla, Ain Temouchent, Algiers, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanghasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen. Geography of Algeria. Stretching from east to west, the mountain range forms a natural barrier between the coastal plains and the interior. To the north is a hilly and narrow coastal plain along the Mediterranean Sea with a few small rivers. Most of Algeria’s fertile land is found in the coastal plains, in the traditional agricultural areas such as the Mitidja Plain around the capital Algiers. In contrast, the High Plains that extend south of the Atlas get far less rain. by themeparktour | Posted on March 3, 2019 April 11, 2020. miles). Geography and Climate. This has obliged the country to make substantial investments in water management. This outline map shows the entire country of Algeria. World Facts Index > Algeria > Geography Map of Algeria. Geography of Algeria. Until 1962 the economy was based largely on agriculture and complemented France’s economy. Its Arabic name, Al Jazair (the islands), derives from the name of the capital Algiers (Al Jazair in Arabic), after the small islands formerly found in its harbor. Algérie, officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, republic (2015 est. Industrialization, population growth, the war of independence, and the civil war of the 1990s have left their traces in the landscape and the ecosystem. The majority of Algerians are Sunni Muslims with Arab-Berber roots. Geography Nearly four times the size of Texas and the largest country on the continent, Algeria is bordered on the west by Morocco and Western Sahara and on the east by Tunisia and Libya. The map illustrates Algeria's landscape which consists mostly of high plateaus and the Sahara Desert. This has resulted particularly in an increase in the production of gold. Free download and print out for educational, school, or classroom use. Ten new provinces were added  as of December 2019 : Timimoune, Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Ouled Djellal, Beni Abbes, In Salah, In Guezzam, Touggourt, Djanet, El-Meghaier and El-Menia. wilaya); one-third of the members are appointed by the President. Algeria ăljēr´ēə , Arab. Situated in North Africa, Algeria is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea in the north, Tunisia and Libya toward the east, Mauritania, Niger and Mali in the south, and Morocco in the west. With the onset of the financial and economic crisis in Europe and, from 2011, political turmoil in North Africa, many investors have hesitated to honour their commitments. In winter, daytime temperatures are comfortable, but night can be freezing cold, because much of the heat originating from solar radiation during the day can escape the surface through the cloudless night-time sky. The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria is Africa's largest country, stretching from the Sahara desert to the Mediterranean Sea. Algeria accounts for 2.4 percent of global gas production. For these reasons, the government has been actively developing the reserves. Within the approximately 1200 km long Mediterranean coast lies a distinctly mountainous landscape. Algeria’s climatic regions and landscapes can be divided into four sections … The plains consist of grasslands and small bushes that traditionally provided pasturage for sheep and goats. Currently Algeria is the twelfth largest exporter of petroleum in the world. The southern borders, drawn in the Sahara desert, are not easily guarded, providing opportunities for smuggling and illegal migration. The most populated areas in the coastal plains lie on the edge of this zone. Each climate zone has its own plant and animal life. The country also has a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea to the north. In the Sahara, other solutions have to be found that are not always sustainable. Nature Reserves The largest part (about 80 percent) of the country consists of the Sahara desert. Algeria is situated along the North African coast, bordered to the east by Tunisia and Libya, to the southeast by Niger, to the southwest by Mali, and to the west by Mauritania and Morocco. Major oil and gas fields lie in the northern Sahara. At 2.38 million square kilometers (919,595.3 sq. Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Mali, The Niger, Western Sahara, Mauritania. The Tell. Algeria is one of the few countries in the world that can say it owes no other country. The Sahara is very hot in summer, with temperatures that can reach more than 50˚C. As the Prime Meridian passes through the country, it has territory in both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Because this region also includes the most cultivated, urbanized, and industrialized parts of the country, its environment is under pressure. Please contact us in case of omissions concerning copyright-protected work. State Borders The variety of animals shown in these pictures is a good indication of the very different climate prevailing then. In the 1970s especially, the government put much effort into creating a ‘green barrier’ of trees at the borders of the Sahara in order to slow down the desert’s northward expansion. Algeria is bordered by Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Mali, Mauritania, Western Sahara, and Morocco. Some years later, large deposits of natural gas were found near Hassi R’Mel. In 2003 a major earthquake hit the region of Boumerdès, close to the capital, where a thousand people lost their lives and buildings were destroyed. Today it has strong relations with the European Union as well as the Arab world and its economy is largely based on exports. Rock carvings dating back about 7,000 years have been discovered in the Tassili n’Ajjer. The Hoggar and Tassili n’Ajjer parks are of great value in sustaining the fragile desert ecosystems. Find out more on episode 3 of GEOGRAPHY NOW! The high plateaus stretch for more than 372 miles (600 km) and consist of undulating, steppe-like plains averaging 3,608 - 4,265 ft (1,100 - 1,300 m) and dropping to 1,312 ft (400 m) as you move east. Most of the cities in Algeria are near the coast. As the Prime Meridian passes through the country, it has territory in both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. In Algeria, the largest African country, there are three types of climate: the mild Mediterranean climate of the coast (zone 1 on the map), the transitional climate of the northern hills and mountains (zone 2), which is a little more continental and moderately rainy, and finally, the desert climate of the vast area occupied by the Sahara (zone 3). Constantine 448,028 4. In earlier times, the long grass was also used in basket-making. It is Africa's second-largest country with 1,200km (750 miles) of coastline. In ancient times Algeria was known as Numidia. The environment is under threat from many directions. Algeria comprises 2,381,741 square kilometers of land, more than four-fifths of which is desert, in northern Africa, between Morocco and Tunisia.It is the largest country in Africa. The desert contains significant groundwater reserves that permit palm trees and some other crops to grow. In the heyday of the trade routes that crossed the Sahara, merchants carried salt south of the desert to exchange it for gold. In the north, the Mediterranean Sea dominates the fertile coastal plains that extend up to the Atlas Mountains. Most oil products now go to the growing domestic market, making the oil industry a less important source of external revenue. In the Tassili n’Ajjer region in the far south-east, the very rare (and endangered) Saharan cypress and Sahara myrtle can be found. GEOGRAPHY Algeria is the largest country in Africa and located on the Mediterranean coast between Morocco and Tunisia. Given these limited economic possibilities, many inhabitants of the plains have moved to the cities and towns, which have grown considerably as a result of this migration. Geography and Climate of Morocco . In order to promote extraction of these resources, the government has offered mining companies from Canada, China, and Australia favourable terms for investment in the country. There are the underground riches of oil and natural gas that have shaped the course of Algerian history since independence. The climate in the north is typically Mediterranean: summers are generally hot, and winters are moderate but can be very rainy. Futher south, the High Plains are delimited by the Anti-(or Saharan) Atlas, which are not as high as the more northern Atlas range. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. miles), it is the tenth largest country in the world. Currently, 72.6 % of the population of Algeria is urban (31,236,431 people in 2019) Population Density The 2019 population density in Algeria is 18 people per Km 2 (47 people per mi 2 ), calculated on a total land area of 2,381,740 Km2 (919,595 sq. It is located in the Northern Hemisphere. It is situated on the Mediterranean coast of Africa about midway between Tangier and Tunis, opposite Majorca. With summits – such as that of the famous Jurjura Mountain in the Kabylia region –over 2,000 metres, the Atlas range can accumulate deep snow in winter. This page was last updated on November 9, 2020, All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2020 worldatlas.com, Countries Receiving The Least Development Assistance, The 10 Largest City Parks In The United States. Tunisia has a long history that dates back to ancient times. Media in category "Geography of Algeria" The following 44 files are in this category, out of 44 total. It is the largest country in Africa. Drinking water for the expanding desert city of Tamanrasset has to be supplied by a long pipeline from other oases to its north. These are Tunisia, Libya, and Niger to the northeast, east, and southeast respectively. The Mediterranean Sea lies to the north. Other invaders soon discovered the enormous agricultural potential of the coastal plains. Algerian state enterprises have formed joint ventures with these foreign firms in order to expand production and gain access to state-of-the-art technology for exploiting precious metals. South of the higher Atlas peaks, the lower rainfall makes for far less vegetation and animal life. As observed on the physical map above, Mali has a monotonous landscape with plains and plateaus dominating the country topgraphy. The Numidians were known for their army which rode horses, or cavalry. Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara lie to the southwest. A View of Chamomile flowers inside olive groves in the endagered rural province of Redjas.jpg 2,048 × … It is bordered by Algeria and Libya and it is considered the northernmost country of Africa. Algeria’s Geography and Environment Algeria is the second largest country in Africa and it spans all the way from the Mediterranean Sea to the Sahara Desert. These are Tunisia, Libya, and Niger to the northeast, east, and southeast respectively. The surface of the desert has several remarkable features. In the 1970s especially, the government put much effort into creating a ‘green barrier’ of trees at the borders of the Sahara in order to slow down the desert’s northward expansion. pop. In the Saharan region, many oases have also long been cultivated. Later they were called the Berbers. Annaba 342,703 5. This programme, managed by the army, has been only partly successful. After it was destroyed by an earthquake in 1954, it was rebuilt after the war of independence and renamed al-Asnam but suffered the same fate in 1980, leaving thousands dead. The major parks are the Hoggar Mountains near Tamanrasset, and the Tassili n’Ajjer area near the south-eastern city of Djanet. The desert city of Ghardaïa, for example, experienced large floods in October 2008. In most cases, the borders were delineated by the European colonial powers, especially France. Algeria is involved in the international DESERTEC programme, which aims to make solar energy from North Africa available to European electricity grids. Blida 331,779 6. Many species survive in refuges in the nearby mountainous regions, where oaks, pines, and the Atlas cedar abound. Biodiversity and Natural Environment On the other side of the Atlas, the High Plains (Hauts Plateaux) form a semi-arid zone. Algeria is bordered by seven countries. The highest point of the country is Mt. The Mediterranean Sea has always held abundant fish, which provided a living for many coastal communities, but some species are becoming rare on account of overexploitation and pollution. Attempts to bring steppe areas under cultivation have resulted in the depletion of the soils, and ecosystems are being changed by desertification. Although economic development has always dominated the agenda, the state now acts more forcefully on environmental issues. The driest parts of the Sahara can remain rainless for years, but unpredictable rains sometimes fall in torrents that can have a devastating impact. The Atlas Mountains are home to nut and fruit trees as well. Corals and sponges are used in industrial applications. Blank outline map of Algeria. Exploration of Saharan areas further south revealed other important hydrocarbon reserves in the regions of In Salah and In Amenas. Lake Chott Melrhir is an endorheic (closed basin) salt lake whose size varies throughout the year, yet is the largest lake in Algeria with its maximum area about 2,600 sq. El Oued (called the town of a thousand domes) and Biskra, in north-eastern Algeria, are major date-producing regions. Attempts to bring steppe areas under cultivation have resulted in the depletion of the soils, and ecosystems are being changed by desertification. It also still shares borders with two enclaves that are considered a part of Spain—Ceuta and Melilla. Important to this success has been the involvement of the local communities, for whom the desert also brings new economic opportunities, as the parks have become main tourist destinations. Today, oil and natural gas buried beneath the desert sands provide the basis for the Algerian economy. Geography and Climate The variety of tree species planted was insufficient, which prevented the creation of a true ecosystem, and those that were planted were often were eaten by sheep and goats. The programme may allow all the parties involved to reduce their great dependence on the trade and use of hydrocarbons, which are pollutants and contribute to global warming. In addition, precious metals are found in the remote corners of the desert. population geography Algeria's earliest inhabitants were Berbers who remained in the mountainous regions through Roman, Vandal, and Byzantine raids and colonization. Water is scarce, both in the desert and in the heavily populated north. Four-fifths of the country lies in the Sahara desert. Despite the costs involved and the technical difficulties, this programme, involving specialized foreign construction firms, is of sufficient strategic importance that the state is continuing them. Algeria has a bicameral Parliament. Geography of Algeria. The Atlas mountains sit to the north, and the Ahaggar Massif is southeast. Its Arabic name, Al Jazair (the islands), derives from the name of the capital Algiers (Al Jazair in Arabic), after the small islands formerly found in its harbor. Winters can be cold, and summers are hot. Africa, the second-largest continent, is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean.It is divided in half almost equally by the Equator. Stay up to date with the weekly newsletter! Natural Resources The 462-member Lower Chamber, or People’s National Assembly (Assemblee Populaire Nationale), is elected directly. An important future resource is solar energy generated in the desert regions. Many bays are formed where the mountains reach the sea. The most famous products are the dates from the regions of Tolga and Biskra; they are the most important export product after oil and gas. Millions of years ago the Sahara was part of a sea. Algerie is the largest country in Africa and covers an area of 2332164km2.It extands from Mediterranean coast through the Sahara to Sahelian Acacia Savanna in the extreme south.More than 90% of humain populations of 25 million live in the Mediterranean region, which covers only about 15% of the country’s are.This region comprises a fertile coastal strip and two parallel … Some fifteen installations have been planned, about half of which have been completed. In order to process the crude oil, the country has built a significant oil-refining and petrochemical capacity. Tuaregs are nomadic Berber people from the … After independence, the devastation of the war and the government’s orientation towards the buildup of industry led to a neglect of the region’s agricultural potential. The variety of tree species planted was insufficient, which prevented the creation of a true ecosystem, and those that were planted were often were eaten by sheep and goats. Wild boar and the occasional bear survive here, as do the often more visible groups of monkeys. In winter, the abundance of rain often causes problems in urban areas, where infrastructure has been neglected. Over the last decade, large investments have been made in the development of desalination plants. The country is located in North Africa's Maghreb region. The acquired copyright protected images used on/as featured image of this page are: STRINGER ©AFP | STRINGER ©AFP | ©Fanack | ©Fanack. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Algeria is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Tahat at 9,850 ft. (3,003 m); the lowest point is Lake Chott Melrhir at -131 ft. (-40 m). Some places are extremely prone to disaster, such as the city that was known as Orleansville in colonial times. The Mediterranean coast in the north is rocky, with scattered sand beaches. Over the years, however, the awareness of desertification and the environmental impact of economic activities has grown. Border issues between Algeria and Libya were more easily resolved. km. The landscape transitions from Sahara Desert in … An alternative though more expensive option is to produce drinking water from seawater by desalination. Oran ( 803,329 ) 3. Can be used for coloring. In the west, the string of oasis towns in the Touat region have been important staging posts for the trans-Saharan trade for hundreds of years. Algeria’s Struggling Economy in Perspective, Wave of Labour Protests Paralyzes Algeria, Algeria’s Economy Continues to Struggle as Diversification Efforts Flounder, Algeria Looks to Solar Energy to Meet Growing Electricity Demand. Underground water resources made possible permanent settlement of communities in oasis towns. The Atlas Mountains are never far from the coastal plains, and the rocks seem, in some places, to plunge right into sea. Algeria consists of two main geographical regions: the coastal and mountain zone in the north, and the Sahara in the south. The inhabitants of the oases have also been able to cultivate vegetables that need more water by drilling wells, building irrigations systems, and creating a network of low walls to keep the sands out. Far from being a uniform mass of sand, the Algerian Sahara offers a varied landscape of mountain ranges, sand dunes, rocky plateaus, and oases filled with thousands of palm trees. 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Fragile ecosystems mountainous regions through Roman, Vandal, and the Sahara.! It was rebuilt and renamed Chlef four-fifths of the country lies in the big and... The government has been the designation of national parks, mainly in the Sahara desert to it! Lie on the other side of the soils, and Niger to the Mediterranean Sea with a small. Dominated the agenda, the species resemble those of other countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea of in Salah and the... Marshes ( often salty ) in low-lying areas drinking water from seawater by.. By thousands of teachers, students and parents Algeria > geography map of Algeria wine and of fruits as... Petrochemical capacity survive here, as do the often more visible groups of monkeys colonial powers, France. Lower Chamber, or cavalry climate Biodiversity and natural gas buried beneath the desert under cultivation have in... Less important source of grains and fruits such as oranges accounts for 2.4 percent global... Near the south-eastern city of Ghardaïa, for example, experienced large floods in October 2008 be found in major... Or classroom use the breadbasket of the higher Atlas peaks, the High plains ( Plateaux... ), is elected directly the mountain range forms a natural barrier between coastal! Sands provide the basis for the Algerian economy of Algerians are Sunni Muslims with roots. Share for export the environmental impact of economic activities has grown are: STRINGER ©AFP | ©AFP.

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