... Descriptive epidemiology is the more basic of these categories and is fundamental to what epidemiologists do. Ebola hemorrhagic fever (Ebola virus disease) is a disease caused by four different strains of Ebola virus; these viruses infect humans and nonhuman primates. Knowledge Check. The Epidemiology Unit was established in 1959 with assistance from World Health Organization (WHO) to strengthen surveillance of communicable diseases. 1981. Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases: Ebola Causal agent Ebolavirus (Filoviridae family). impacts of this virus. The largest recorded outbreak of EVD is ongoing in West Africa, outside of its previously reported and predicted niche. Symptoms start two days to three weeks after contracting the virus, with a fever, sore throat, muscle pain and headaches. Every virus requires its own special type of host cell for multiplication. 2014. Filoviruses (Ebola) are helical, non-segmented, negative, single-stranded RNA viruses, polymorphic, noninfectious, and have variable lengths. Elgon, Kenya. Prior to submitting specimens, local health jurisdictions should obtain approval from Office of Communicable Disease Epidemiology (206-418 … Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Ebola Virus Disease in Sierra Leone-23 May 2014 to 31 January 2015. It is a member of the family Filoviridae, taken from the Latin "filum," meaning thread-like, based upon their filamentous structure. When symptoms occur they typically include fever, weakness, headaches, vomiting, and muscle pains. R0 is the number of cases, on average, an infected person will cause during their infectious period. Although a lot of effort has been put into identifying the natural reservoirs with every large outbreak of the disease, potential hosts or arthropod vectors for Ebola virus have not been found. Apes, humans and possibly other mammalian species susceptible to Ebola infection are regarded as the end hosts, and not as the reservoirs of infection. Severe disease with high case fatality. Publications on Ebola: Epidemiology. Fruit bats belonging to the Pteropodidae family are thought to be the natural hosts of the Ebola virus, although the virus has not been isolated yet from bats in natural conditions. Incubation period. Food Safety Supercourse. Three examples of outbreaks that have affected the U.S. include the 1981 outbreak of HIV, the 2014 outbreak of Ebola, and, most recently, the 2016 outbreak of the Zika virus. Prehospital personnel, hospitals, and clinicians must be prepared to provide care for patients with EVD, with special attention to rigorous infection control in order to limit the spread of infection. PPT-089-01. Epidemiology for Public Like all viruses, Ebola lacks the needed components to replicate and must utilize the cell's ribosomes and other cellular machinery to replicate. •The average Ebola case fatality rate is around 50%. Virus taxonomy. Liberia was declared Ebola free on 9 May 2015. Epidemiology is a medical science with all the methods and tools that entails (5) Disease surveillance: Monitoring outbreaks of disease or conditions, examining such things as seasonal trend, regional instances or other criteria that aids in medical planning, and prevention. 8 There are 5 distinct species of Ebola virus, each of which is named for the region where it was originally identified. Infection with the Ebola virus in Africa has occurred through the handling of infected gorillas, chimpanzees, monkeys, fruit bats, forest antelopes, and porcupines. Ebola haemorrhagic fever causes deadly disease in humans and non-human primates resulting from infection with the Ebola virus (EBOV) genus of the family Filoviridae.However, the mechanisms of EBOV lifecycle in host cells, including viral entry, membrane fusion, RNP formation, GP-tetherin interaction, and VP40-inner leaflet association remain poorly understood. 9 The species are Sudan ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, Taï Forest ebolavirus, Bundibugyo ebolavirus, and Reston ebolavirus. There are several steps to take to prevent Ebola virus disease when living in or traveling to an area with Ebola virus disease: Wash hands often with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Avoid contact with other people’s blood or body fluids. Upon completion of this module, learners will be able to: Review the state of global public health prior to the 2014 Ebola epidemic. Ebola virus, and Lassa virus deposited on solid surfaces. 6 EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE Ebola virus disease (EVD) or Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a disease of humans and other primates caused by an ebolavirus. 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak caused by … The quick diagnosis from a blood sample of Ebola virus was provided by the new CDC Viral Hemorrhagic Fever laboratory installed at the Uganda Viral Research Institute (UVRI). 147, Issue. 2016. Filoviruses (Ebola) are helical, non-segmented, negative, single-stranded RNA viruses, polymorphic, noninfectious, and have variable lengths. Ebola virus under microscope. One of the deadliest of epidemic viral diseases, Ebola virus disease (EVD) has, since its 1976 emergence, challenged our attempts to understand its ecology and epidemiology, its pathophysi- The Ebola virus disease outbreak in Tonkolili district, Sierra Leone: a retrospective analysis of the Viral Haemorrhagic Fever surveillance system, July 2014–June 2015. Zaire, Sudan and Cote d'Ivoire cause illness in humans. Filovirus: enveloped, non-segmented, negative-stranded RNA virus. Match each term with the correct example. Arch Virol 2010; 155:2035-2039 Bausch DG et al. We assembled location data on all recorded zoonotic transmission to humans and Ebola virus infection in bats and primates (1976–2014). Epidemiology and Public Health 2015, Valencai, Spain, August 4-6 1015. Ebola virus, and Lassa virus deposited on solid surfaces. Introduction. The Ebola response has yielded dramatic results. 8 The filoviruses are enveloped, negative-sense single-stranded … Epidemiology: Reservoir Previously, Filovirus reservoir unknown Clue 1: A Danish boy contracted Marburg and two other visitors contracted Ebola after having visited Kitum cave in Mt. Explain the epidemiology of the 2014 Ebola epidemic and … The Ebola virus, along with the Marburg virus, belongs to the Filoviridae family. Lassa fever, also known as Lassa hemorrhagic fever (LHF), is a type of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus. Epidemiology. Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe, frequently fatal illness. Ebola 1/12/2015 1 Epidemiology Program Protocol for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Connecticut continues to operate under a Public Health Emergency due to the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Identify and prioritize knowledge gaps in disease dynamics at the human-wild-life-animal interface. Early supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment improves survival. The disease is introduced into the human population via close contact with the blood, bodily secretions, organs, or other fluids of infected animals. Once in humans, Ebola can spread efficiently in the community through human-to-human transmission. Health care professionals discovered Ebola in 1976. •The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and then spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. Bundibugyo. The Epidemiology Unit was established in 1959 with assistance from World Health Organization (WHO) to strengthen surveillance of communicable diseases. Ebola virus is a class A bioterrorism agent, known to cause highly lethal hemorrhagic fever.The mortality rate can be as high as 90 percent. 2. The first cases of Ebola virus infection were reported in Zaire (now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo [DRC]) in 1976. Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity (COCA) COCA prepares clinicians to respond to emerging health threats and public health emergencies by communicating relevant, timely information related to disease outbreaks, disasters, terrorism events, and other health alerts. Ebola Virus Epidemiology. Ebola hemorrhagic fever is considered a classic zoonotic disease with persistence of the Ebola virus in a reservoir species. The exact source of Ebola infections remains an open question, and despite all the efforts, we still lack clear indicators about the reservoir of the virus. As each country must strengthen their ... Epidemiology: Reservoir Previously, Filovirus reservoir unknown Clue 1: A Danish boy contracted Marburg and two other visitors contracted Ebola after having visited Kitum cave in Mt. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health problems in specified ... virus, fungi, and protozoa (a type of parasite). The number of people diagnosed with the virus has dropped markedly. Presumptive positive PCR results require confirmatory testing at CDC. Ebola virus is a member of the Filoviridae family. Liberia was declared Ebola free on 9 May 2015. Vomiting and diarrhea frequently develop during the first few days of illness and may lead to significant volume losses. epidemiology 1. permit evaluation of trends in health and disease 2. provide a basis for planning, provision, and evaluation of health services 3. identify problems to be studied by analytic methods and suggest areas that may be fruitful for investigation Source: Adapted from Friis RH,Sellers TA. The Connecticut Department of Public Health (CT DPH) is responsible for assuring that symptomatic The disease … The interaction and interdependence of agent, host, environment, and time are used in the investigation of diseases and epidemics. Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976,WHO reports 24 outbreaks,28,633 cases and 11,315 deaths in the recent outbreak. Assessment of the Risk of Ebola Virus Transmission from Bodily Fluids and FomitesThe J of Infect Dis 2007; 196:S142–7 High Risk Exposures • Percutaneous – needle stick or mucous membrane exposure to body fluids These viruses live, for the most part, in rodents (e.g., rats and mice) and arthropods (e.g., mosquitoes and ticks). When symptoms occur they typically include fever, weakness, headaches, vomiting, and muscle pains. The virus causing this outbreak, the Zaire Ebolavirus (EBOV), belongs to the genus Ebolavirus which together with the genus Marburgvirus forms the family of the Filoviridae. A widespread endemic disease with a stable number of infected people is not a pandemic. Patients with Ebola virus disease typically present with a nonspecific febrile syndrome that may include headache, muscle aches, and fatigue [ 9 ]. then start a person-to-person chain of Ebola virus transmission through contact with blood or body fluids. Initially, the unit functioned with a WHO consultant and a national counterpart, who, after further training in epidemiology, was appointed in 1961, as the Epidemiologist of the Department of Health Services. The agent is the cause of disease; The host is an organism, usually a human or an animal, that harbors the disease. Ebola virus replication is thought to occur in the host cell's cytoplasm.Upon entering the cell, the virus … Michigan Public Health professor of Epidemiology, Joe Eisenberg, explains how scientists quantify the intensity of outbreaks like the coronavirus. The exact mechanism by which Ebola infects a cell is not known. Ebola virus disease). [24] Report of an International Commission. As of June 21, 2015, a total of 27,443 cases, including 11,207 deaths, had been reported, of which 13,059 cases and 3,928 deaths were in … Ebola and Marburg virus diseases are caused by the Ebola and Marburg viruses, respectively. The normal EVD case casualty rate is … Arch Virol 2010; 155:2035-2039 Bausch DG et al. . Six distinct species of Ebola virus have been isolated. Only four species are known to cause disease in humans - Zaire ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, Tai Forest ebolavirus, and Bundibugyo ebolavirus. 2 μg/mL. Q fever - Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, a species of bacteria that is distributed globally. Ebola virus and Marburg virus have been cultured from ocular aqueous humor at 2 and 3 months after disease onset, respectively. EBOV is one of the most virulen … They are concerned with collective health rather than individual health. Ebola Virus Disease Supercourse. Drug Abuse and Addiction Lectures. Many of those infected by the virus do not develop symptoms. 93% of Fortune 1000 companies use our PowerPoint Products Standing Ovation Award Winner: Best PowerPoint Template Collection 200,000+ satisfied customers worldwide! Newly discovered ebola virus associated with hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Uganda. EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE — PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT Abstract: On March 2014 the WHO notified the outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Guinea, and infection quickly spread to another West African countries including Sierra Leone, Liberia and Nigeria. People become infected with Ebola virus through contact with infected wild animals or contact with blood or body fluids (urine, feces, saliva, sweat, vomit, breast milk, and semen) of infected humans. Environmental Health Supercourse. In this report, the clinical presentation of 37 patients with confirmed EVD in Guinea is … Introduction. Chronic Disease Epidemiology Supercourse. Lassa virus is one of more than 25 causative viruses of viral hemorrhagic fever (Table 4.1), an acute systemic illness classically involving fever, a constellation of initially non-specific signs and symptoms, and a propensity for bleeding and shock. Epidemiology is the study (or the science of the study) of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. The 2014–2015 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in West Africa was first detected in March 2014 in Guinea [].With a total of 28,220 reported cases and 11,291 reported deaths (as reported by the WHO on September 16, 2015), the largest EVD outbreak ever documented [2, 3], the disease showed its devastating potential.In July 2014, a local outbreak started in Pujehun district, Sierra … It is the cornerstone of public health, and informs policy decisions and evidence-based medicine by identifying risk … Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe multisystem disease. The Ebola virus in parts of Africa is in excess of what is expected for this region. The Deadly African Virus Presented by Claudia Hacker Ebola Virus Introduction First appeared in Africa 1976 “African Hemorrhagic Fever” acute,mostly fatal disease causes blood vessel “bursting” systemic (all organs/tissues) humans and nonhuman primates Excluding ‘2000 outbreak 1,500 cases over 1,000 deaths Ebola Taxonomy Scientific Classification Order: Mononegavirales Family: Filoviridae Genus: Ebola … Initially, the unit functioned with a WHO consultant and a national counterpart, who, after further training in epidemiology, was appointed in 1961, as the Epidemiologist of the Department of Health Services. 1 (100%) The Uganda Ministry of Health informed the public a patient with suspected Ebola Hemorrhagic fever died on May 6, 2011 in the Luwero district, Uganda. In patients who have Ebola virus infection, 2 types of exposure history are recognized: primary and secondary. Absence of specific treatment or vaccine >20 previous Ebola and Marburg virus outbreaks. Identified in 1976 . The number of people diagnosed with the virus has dropped markedly. Because the Ebola virus is so hazardous, it is classified as a biosafety level 4 agent - the level assigned to the most dangerous agents known. PLoS Pathog. Clinical Medicine Lectures. Explore the etiology of Ebola and other viral hematic fevers. However, the means by which Ebola virus is maintained and transmitted in nature remains unclear despite dedicated efforts to answer these questions. Ebola Virus. Ebola fever – Ebola virus. There were 318 cases and 280 deaths, an 88% case fatality rate. PowerPoint Templates > Ebola virus . Usually consist of a protein coat with genetic material (either RNA or DNA). The virus has been previously detected through lab testing in … Clue 2: Ebola outbreak in the Congo (April 2005) occurred in 5 … This progress is the result of remarkable contributions by numerous actors who have implemented their assistance in a flexible yet strategic manner. 1. 30. In March 2014, the largest EVD outbreak in history began spreading through parts of West Africa. Assessment of the Risk of Ebola Virus Transmission from Bodily Fluids and FomitesThe J of Infect Dis 2007; 196:S142–7 High Risk Exposures • Percutaneous … Less commonly there may be bleeding from the mouth or gastrointestinal tract. Ebola virus disease emerged in West Africa in March of 2014. Introduction Due to the close relationship between EVD and nutrition, the humanitarian community implemented various nutrition-specific and -sensitive interventions to stem the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa. 2008;4(11):e1000212. Since Ebola virus was first identified more than 30 years ago, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the molecular biology and pathogenesis of this virus. 1 Unlike many viral hemorrhagic fevers, LF is not a rare disease that emerges only in outbreak form. The high number of survivors (more than 17000) from the 2013-2016 West African outbreak of Ebola virus disease has raised several new issues: long-term clinical complications, psychosocial consequences, risk of Ebola virus disease reactivation, and secondary transmission due to viral persistence in body fluids. Smaller than bacteria, a virus is able to cause diseases ranging from the common cold to AIDS. Ebolavirus – 5 viruses. From December 2013 to March 2016, West Africa experienced the largest Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak to date, leading to a European-wide activation of laboratory preparedness and response. Ebola virus RNA has been detected in breast milk up to 21 days after the onset of the disease and in vaginal secretions up to 33 days after onset. Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) is an enveloped negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the Filoviridae family and is the etiologic agent of Ebola virus disease (EVD).1 EBOV is transmitted through direct contact with infectious body fluids or tissues of an infected individual. A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν, pan, "all" and δῆμος, demos, "local people" the 'crowd') is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread across a large region, for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of people. Assessment of the Risk of Ebola Virus Transmission from Bodily Fluids and FomitesThe J of Infect Dis 2007; 196:S142–7 High Risk Exposures • Percutaneous – needle stick or mucous membrane exposure to bd flidbody fluids LCM, Junin virus, Machupo virus, Guanarito virus Lassa Fever Hantaviruses Rift Valley Fever Dengue Ebola Marburg Category B Burkholderia pseudomallei Coxiella burnetti Brucella species Burkholderia mallei Ricin toxin Epsilon toxin of C. perfringens Staphylococcus enterotoxin B Rickettsia prowazekii Diarrheagenic E.coli Pathogenic Vibrios The Xpert Ebola and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention real-time RT-qPCR diagnostic assays detected Ituri and Makona Ebola virus sequences with similar sensitivities and efficiencies, despite primer site binding mismatches in the Ituri Ebola virus. Most outbreaks have occurred in sub-Saharan countries, notably in the central Africa region. Symptoms. Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire, 1976. Despite the notoriety of ebolaviruses, particularly Ebola virus (EBOV), as prominent viral hemorrhagic fever agents, and the international concern regarding Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks, very little is known about the pathophysiology of EVD in humans and, in particular, about the human immune correlates of survival and immune memory. Tai Forest (Ivory Coast) Reston (animals only) Ebola virus disease – keyfacts. objectIves of the meetIng 1. Potentially infectious body fluids include blood, respiratory secretions, urine, feces, vomit, saliva, sweat, breast milk, semen, , Gray circles indicate the total numbers of confirmed and probable Ebola cases reported in each affected district, and red circles the number reported during the 21 days leading up to September 14, 2014. Both are rare diseases, but can cause outbreaks with high case fatality rates. The institute also provides epidemiological and medical analyses and evaluation of highly contagious, life-threatening diseases which are of great significance for the public (e.g. The infection is transmitted to individuals from wild creatures and spreads in the human populace through human-to-human transmission. Figure 1Districts Affected by Ebola Virus Disease in Three Countries in Africa. R0 is the number of cases, on average, an infected person will cause during their infectious period. Currently, West Africa is facing the largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in history. Henrik5000 / iStock / Getty Images Plus. 100% satisfaction guaranteed - or send it back for a refund! Michigan Public Health professor of Epidemiology, Joe Eisenberg, explains how scientists quantify the intensity of outbreaks like the coronavirus. Ebola Virus Disease - Ebola Virus Disease is caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus strains. Institute of Medicine (IOM) Members' Lectures. This helps you give your presentation on Ebola Virus Emmanuel Olukoyas blog in a conference, a school lecture, a business proposal, in a webinar and business and professional representations. This virus is a/an _____. PowerPoint is the world's most popular presentation software which can let you create professional Ebola Virus Emmanuel Olukoyas blog powerpoint presentation easily and in no time. . Outbreaks of Ebola virus disease have occurred in those areas. Ebola virus, and Lassa virus deposited on solid surfaces. Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a complex zoonosis that is highly virulent in humans. Ebola virus disease is considered to be zoonotic, with occasional spillovers to humans, apes, and possibly other animals. Less commonly there may be bleeding from the mouth or gastrointestinal tract. Ebola virus is a nonsegmented, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that resembles rhabdoviruses (eg, rabies) and paramyxoviruses (eg, measles, mumps) in its genome organization and replication mechanisms. Introduction to Ebola. This progress is the result of remarkable contributions by numerous actors who have implemented their assistance in a flexible yet strategic manner. Patients with Ebola virus disease typically present with a nonspecific febrile syndrome that may include headache, muscle aches, and fatigue [ 9 ]. Clue 2: Ebola outbreak in the Congo (April 2005) occurred in 5 … Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of … A history of primary exposure usually involves travel to or work in an Ebola-endemic area, such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo … Many of those infected by the virus do not develop symptoms. Infectious Ebola virions are usually 920 nm in length, 80 nm in diameter, and have a membrane stolen from the host cell by budding.
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