First report of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and maize lethal necrosis in Kenya. The disease appeared in Kaua’i in early 1990. The disease prevents the plants from growing tall, causes yellowing and death of the leaves, and stops the ears from growing and setting seeds. First report of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and maize lethal necrosis on maize in Ethiopia. Maize dwarf mosaic virus or Wheat streak mosaic virus) gives rise to what is known as maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND), also referred to as corn lethal necrosis disease (CLND) (Niblett and Caflin, 1978; Uyemoto et al., 1980, 1981; Wangai et al., 2012). Domestic regulation can be put in place to prevent the movement of maize products from affected areas to disease-free regions. The Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) is a result of a combination of two viruses, the Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMoV) and any of the cereal viruses in the Potyviridae group, like the Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV), Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV) or Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV). © Copyright 2020 CAB International. Maize chlorotic mottle virus. Severely affected plants form small cobs with little or no grain set. In the early stages, MLND causes long yellow stripes on leaves. http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno=284, Hebert TT, Castillo J, 1973. Since then the disease has been reported in Rwanda and DR . An outbreak of maize chlorotic mottle virus in Hawaii and possible association with thrips. http://www.cimmyt.org/en/where-we-work/africa/item/maize-lethal-necrosis-mln-disease-in-kenya-and-tanzania-facts-and-actions, Nault LR, Styer WE, Coffey ME, Gordon DT, Negi LS, Niblett CL, 1978. Kusia E S, Subramanian S, Nyasani J O, Khamis F, Villinger J, Ateka E M, Pappu H R, 2015. The public can be informed about the disease through press releases, posters, brochures, sensitization workshops and radio programmes. One of the management options for the disease is vector control by the use of insecticides. Imidacloprid is applied as a seed dressing in combination with foliar sprays. Unlike maize streak virus disease though, the streaks of MLND are wider. Results of a trial of elite CIMMYT inbred lines under artificial SCMV inoculation showed several highly-resistant lines (Makumbi and Wangai, 2012). In: Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases , (No.April) Wallingford, UK: CABI.Map 912 (Edition 2). Efforts in managing the maize lethal necrosis disease have contributed to reducing seed production losses, an expert has said. Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease is a serious disease of maize caused by viruses.This disease attacks maize at all stages of growth and causes total maize loss. Fitopatologia, 9:79-84, Doupnik Jr B, 1979. English, Lemma, H.; Michael, D. W.; Tsegay, M.; CABI, 2014, English language. Corn lethal necrosis (maize lethal necrosis disease) Virus complex (Maize chlorotic mottle virus [MCMV] and Maize dwarf mosaic virus [MDMV] A or B or Wheat streak mosaic virus [WSMV]) Cucumber mosaic Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Johnsongrass mosaic Johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV) Maize bushy stunt Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO), assoc. The disease is now endemic in North Central Kansas. Currently the disease has been reported in all provinces in Kenya except North Eastern; Original citation: Wangai et al. MLN is caused by a mixed infection between Enforcing such regulations can be challenging but, alongside increased awareness by the farming community, they can help reduce the spread of the disease. Streak merge into uniform, systemic chlorotic mottling followed by necrosis and death of leaves 3. Maize lethal necrosis disease kills the leaves of plants. Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus. Prevention and detection of maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND). Maize chlorotic mottle virus in Hawaiian-grown maize: vector relations, host range and associated viruses. To help control MLND, the maize seeds have to be dressed with an insecticide in addition to a fungicide seed dressing. One virus is maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) which, until its appearance in Kansas, was only known to occur in South America. In: Phytopathology, 80 1060. Niblett C L, Claflin L E, 1978. Fine chlorotic streaks in the youngest leaves 7-10 days after inoculation 2. A plant health inspectorate organization can test for Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) in all seed coming into the country including the material for breeding. However, the observed symptoms were more severe than commonly associated with MCMV, suggesting the presence of maize lethal necrosis (MLN), a disease that results from maize infection with both MCMV and a potyvirus (4). Infected plants die prematurely. Endemic in South Central Nebraska where affected fields are located in small river valleys and irrigation districts. UGA-01/2, Rome, Italy: FAO. It spread rapidly across east Africa, compromising food and economic security for several million smallholder farmers. By April 2012, the disease was reported in altitudes up to 2100 masl and in various parts of the country. Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) causes a variety of symptoms in maize depending upon genotype, age of infection and environmental conditions. This information is part of a full datasheet First report of maize lethal necrosis disease in Rwanda. Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease Maize lethal necrosis disease was first reported in the ECA region in Kenya in the year 2011 (Adams et al., 2012; Wangai et al., 2012). New Disease Reports, 29:22. http://www.ndrs.org.uk/article.php?id=029022, Bockelman DL, Claflin LE, Uyemoto JK, 1982. There is chlorotic mottling of the leaves, usually starting from the base of the young leaves in the whorl and extending upwards toward the leaf tips. When MCMV co-infects maize with a potyvirus, the infected plants in the field show a diverse range of symptoms. Disease Symptoms of Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) Early MLN Symptoms Mosaic and mottling Mild mosaic and mottling Shortened internodes; Severe chlorotic mottle Severe chlorosis and leaf necrosis ‘Dead Heart’ symptoms Necrosis starting from the leaf margin, coupled with mottling Premature drying of the husks Poor or no grain filling Plant Disease, 96(10):1582-1583. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis, Xie L, Zhang J, Wang Q, Meng C, Hong J, Zhou X, 2011. Rome, Italy: FAO. (Nelson et al., 2011). This by itself will cause only minor damage on maize, but when another potyvirus of cereals, such as SCMV, wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) or maize dwarf mosaic virus … Gordon DT, Bradfute OE, Gingery RE, Nault LR, Uyemoto JK, 1984. Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease in Kenya and Tanzania: Facts and actions. MCMV is transmitted mechanically and spread by several insect vectors including maize thrips (Frankliniella williamsi) (Jiang et al., 1990), maize rootworms (Diabrotica undecimpunctata, Diabrotica longicornis and Diabrotica virgifera), cereal leaf beetles (Oulema melanopus), corn flea beetle (Systena frontalis) and Chaetocnema pulicaria (Nault et al., 1978; Jensen, 1985; Reyes and Castillo, 1988). Infection of maize by any of the viruses alone does not cause MLND. maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease in 2012 in Arusha and Mwanza regions. This will reduce the population of vectors. The disease has now gained the momentum in spreading to many countries of East African where maize crop is grown simply Enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the identification and distribution of maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) in the state of Mexico. The main thrust of the current management strategy is to prevent the introduction of the disease through sound This material can be fed to livestock, but grain and cobs that are rotten should not be fed to humans or animals. These should be destroyed by burning. Plant Disease. 146 (3), 705-710. http://rd.springer.com/journal/10658 DOI:10.1007/s10658-016-0943-5, Uyemoto J K, 1983. Corn lethal necrosis - a new virus disease of corn in Kansas. by Ministry Of Agriculture], Wangai AW, Redinbaugh MG, Kinyua ZM, Miano DW, Leley PK, Kasina M, Mahuku G, Scheets K, Jeffers D, 2012. New virus disease affecting maize in Peru. The level of MCMV resistance varies widely among pure lines that have been tested in Hawaii, so it is considered a quantitative trait (Nelson et al., 2011).Preliminary inheritance studies on the inheritance of traits suggest a polygenic control of the disease, with resistance being partially dominant. Corn lethal necrosis in Hawaii. https://www.ippc.int/. CIMMYT- KARI. 8:51. Due to the variable regulations around (de-)registration of pesticides, we are for the moment not including any Maize lethal necrosis disease is caused by co-infection of maize by Maize chlorotic mottle virus (Machlomovirus: Tombusviridae) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (Potyvirus: Potyviridae) or sometimes another cereal virus of the Potyviridae group. Maize lethal necrosis disease is a viral disease affecting maize predominantly in East Africa, Southeast Asia and South America, which was recognised in 2010. In: IPPC Official Pest Report, No. Seed should not be recycled; farmers should plant certified seed only. Plant Disease, 67(1):7-10, Uyemoto JK, Bockelman DL, Claflin LE, 1980. One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is a disease of maize caused by coinfection of maize with maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and one of several viruses from the Potyviridae, such as sugarcane mosaic virus, maize dwarf mosaic virus, Johnsongrass mosaic virus or wheat streak mosaic virus. UGA-01/2, No. Maize lethal necrosis disease symptoms (Photo 1a and Photo 1b) is caused by the synergistic co-infection of maize with maize chlorotic mottle virus symptoms (Photo 2) and any virus from the family Potyviridae, these include wheat streak mosaic virus, maize dwarf mosaic virus symptoms or sugarcane mosaic virus symptoms (formerly maize dwarf mosaic virus-B) … They range from a relatively mild chlorotic mottle to severe stunting, leaf necrosis, premature plant death, shortened male inflorescences with few spikes, and/or shortened, malformed, partially filled ears (Castillo and Herbert, 1974; Castillo Loayza, 1977; Niblett and Caflin, 1978; Uyemoto et al., 1981). Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease in Kenya and Tanzania: Facts and actions., CIMMYT- KARI. Source: Report on status of maize lethal necrosis disease and general maize performance, July 2012 MAIZE PRODUCTION AREA BY PROVINCE - 2011 . Maize chlorotic mottle virus. An outbreak of maize chlorotic mottle virus in Hawaii and possible association with thrips. Chicago, USA 16-34, Gordon DT, Bradfute OE, Gingery RE, Nault LR, Uyemoto JK, 1984. A99/27698/2014 A Thesis submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Crop Protection (Agricultural Entomology Option) in the In: 2nd International Congress of Plant Pathology, 72. The Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) is a result of a combination of two viruses, the Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMoV) and any of the cereal viruses in the Potyviridae group, like the Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV), Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV) or Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV). Hannah Achieng Chore Oduor, Ministry Of Agriculture, PO Box 12168 Nakuru, Kenya. Description of Plant Viruses, 284 [ed. Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) causes a variety of symptoms in maize depending upon genotype, age of infection and environmental conditions. Chicago, USA], 16-34. This virus ordinarily produces mild symptoms when present alone in corn; however, when a key second virus also infects the same There is chlorotic mottling of the leaves, usually starting from the base of the young leaves in the whorl and extending upwards toward the leaf tips. Rome, Italy: FAO. mays and mexicana (Castillo and Hebert, 1974; Nault et al., 1982). When MCMV co-infects maize with a potyvirus, the infected plants in the field show a diverse range of symptoms. In Kansas, crop losses due to MLND have been estimated to be 50-90% (Niblett and Claflin, 1978; Uyemoto et al., 1980) depending on the variety of maize and the year. By October 2012, a study team sent by CIMMYT and the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) confirmed the disease to be maize lethal necrosis (MLN). Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, 7:20-25, Castillo J, Hebert TT, 1974. (Immunoabsorcion enzimatica (ELISA) en la identificacion y distribucion del virus moteado clorotico del maiz (VMCM) en el estado de Mexico.) MLN is a disease caused by the synergistic combination of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMV) and any from the potyvirus family, in this case Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV). Corn lethal necrosis in Hawaii. As MLND is due to the co-infection of two viruses, resistance against any one of the viruses would substantially reduce the damage due to the disease. [Distribution map]. SCMV is found worldwide, but this was the first report of … KEN-02/2, Rome, Italy: FAO. In Ethiopia the disease was observed during in the previous assessment and it was confirmed by ELISA test. Information on the disease could be passed on to the public during field days and Bazaras in churches. The public can be informed about the disease through press releases, posters, brochures, sensitization workshops and radio programmes. This disease has devastated maize crops in the United States (US), Mexico, and East Africa. (Nelson et al., 2011). Plant Disease Reporter. KARI Information Brochure [ed. Lower incomes could increase stress and make school fees unaffordable, preventing children from completing their education. Effects of the maize lethal necrosis disease . The following year, MLND was reported in all the major maize growing districts of Kenya. MLN is a disease caused by the synergistic combination of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMV) and any from the potyvirus family, in this case Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV). This material can be fed to livestock, but grain and cobs that are rotten should not be fed to humans or animals. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. In: Proceedings of the 34th Annual Corn and Sorghum Research Conference. To inform resistance strategies, we characterized the translation initiation mechanism of MCMV. (2012). The disease has since spread to other ECA countries In sub-Saharan Africa, maize is a staple food and key determinant of food security for smallholder farming communities. MLN arises when maize plants are infected at the same time by two viruses: Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV; other related cereal viruses can also cause MLN in combination of MCMV) It has been proposed that MCMV is new to East Africa, while the … European Journal of Plant Pathology, 146(3), 705-710. http://rd.springer.com/journal/10658 doi: 10.1007/s10658-016-0943-5, Uyemoto JK, 1983. Plant Disease, 66(3):216-218, Brandes EW, 1920. 159 (3), 191-193. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1439-0434 DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0434.2010.01745.x. Carrera-Martinez H, Lozoya-Saldana H, Mendoza-Zamora C, Alvizo-Villasana H, 1989. Journal of Phytopathology, 159:191-193, Adams I P, Harju V A, Hodges T, Hany U, Skelton A, Rai S, Deka M K, Smith J, Fox A, Uzayisenga B, Ngaboyisonga C, Uwumukiza B, Rutikanga A, Rutherford M, Ricthis B, Phiri N, Boonham N, 2014. The disease is difficult to control for two reasons: It is caused by a combination of two viruses that are dif Before MCMV had spread to other islands in Hawaii, it had been controlled for several years in the island of Kaua’i. Keywords: maize lethal necrosis disease, distribution, incidence, severity, Uganda, maize 1. MLND Vector Control• March 2013 New maize virus disease in Hawaii. In Kenya, varieties are being screened for resistance/tolerance by KARI and CIMMYT in two sites Naivasha and Bomet. The entire crop can frequently be killed before tasseling (Niblett and Claflin, 1978; Uyemotoet al., 1980, 1981; Wangai et al., 2012). This is to ensure that we give you the best experience CIMMYT 1,457 views. The experimental host range is restricted to the Poaceae with maize as the main a natural host (Gordon et al., 1984). In Kenya, it caused crop losses of between 50% and 100%. Biology and control of maize chlorotic mottle virus. A plant health inspectorate organization can test for Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) in all seed coming into the country including the material for breeding. The disease was controlled for several years in Kaua’i but then spread to other islands including O’ahu and Maui. Other symptoms include premature aging of the plants and mild to severe leaf mottling. A., 2016. CABI is a registered EU trademark. Planting different crops each season will diversify farm enterprises. by Association of Applied Biologists]. Castillo J, Hebert T T, 1974. Compendium record. UGA-01/2, No. Plant Disease (formerly Plant Disease Reporter), 64(1):99-100, Uyemoto JK, Claflin LE, Wilson DL, Raney RJ, 1981. CABI is a registered EU trademark. Carrera-Martinez H, Lozoya-Saldana H, Mendoza-Zamora C, Alvizo-Villasana H, 1989. Journal of Phytopathology. Status of corn lethal necrosis- 1979 update. The disease is the result of… Quito-Avila D F, Alvarez R A, Mendoza A A, 2016. Introduction Maize (Zea mays L.) is a dietary staple and significant cash crop throughout the tropical world; serving as a food security crop for more than 70 million people in Sub Saharan Africa (Melinda et al., 2013). CAUSING MAIZE LETHAL NECROSIS DISEASE IN BOMET COUNTY KENYA Namikoye Everlyne Samita (M.Sc. The entire crop can frequently be killed before tasseling (Niblett and Claflin, 1978; Uyemotoet al., 1980, 1981; Wangai et al., 2012). MAIZE LETHAL NECROSIS HISTORY In September 2011, a disease outbreak in Kenya was positively identified as Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND). Maize lethal necrosis (MLN), an emerging threat to maize-based food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Control vectors of maize lethal necrotic disease. Phytopathology, 68(7):1071-1074, Nelson S, Brewbaker J, Hu J, 2011. In: IPPC Official Pest Report, No. Seed Inspectors can check for Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) in seed farms. English, Matimelo, M.; CABI, 2016, English language, Sedessa, K.; G-Kidan, M.; Abate, H.; CABI, 2015, English language, Kessy, J. G.; CABI, 2014, English language, Plantwise Factsheets for Farmers (2011), trials performed in Hawaii in 2011 found many tropical inbred lines and varieties to be highly resistant to MCMV. The best approach for the management of MLND is to employ integrated pest management practices encompassing cultural control such as closed season, crop rotation and crop diversification, vector control using seed treatment followed by foliar sprays, and host-plant resistance. A new virus disease of maize in Peru. Infected foliar material should be removed from the field to reduce pathogen and vector populations. One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. KARI, CIMMYT and other partners will reconfirm the potential resistance of pre-commercial hybrids and inbred lines that show the lowest susceptibility to MLN and work urgently to develop resistant varieties (Makumbi and Wangai, 2012). Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease is a serious disease of maize caused by viruses.This disease attacks maize at all stages of growth and causes total maize loss. Pest and disease outbreaks are key constraints to maize … Prevention. Crop Protection, 11(3):248-254, Jiang XQ, Wilkinson DR, Berry JA, 1990. The following species have been infected by mechanical inoculation: Bromus spp., Digitaria sanguinalis, Eragrostis trichodes, Hordeum spp., Panicum spp., Setaria spp., Sorghum spp. SUMMARY: Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) is a new viral disease for Africa.It has caused great concern because plants are killed and little or no grain is produced. Minneapolis, USA, IPPC, 2014. Abstract Maize lethal necrosis (MLN), a complex viral disease, emerged as a serious threat to maize production and the livelihoods of smallholders in eastern Africa since 2011, primarily due to the introduction of maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV). Awareness of the disease will help farmers to take it upon themselves to avoid the movement of diseased plant material from one area to another by destroying affected crops, rouging and practicing general field hygiene. This disease is caused by co-infection of plants with two viruses – maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) – and can cause yield losses of up to 90%. maize chlorotic mottle virus, maize lethal necrosis disease, microRNA, small interfering RNA, small RNA sequencing, sugarcane mosaic virus This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A plant health inspectorate organization can test for Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) in all seed coming into the country including the material for breeding. Characterization of Maize chlorotic mottle Virus associated with maize lethal necrosis disease in China. Seed Inspectors can check for Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) in seed farms. New pest of maize: maize lethal necrosis in Uganda. To create a break in maize planting seasons, plant maize on the onset of the main rainy season and not during the short rain season. Diseased plants develop symptoms characteristic of virus diseases. Severely affected plants form small cobs with little or no grain set. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. available in the, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eu-pesticides-database/, Maize lethal necrosis disease in maize-Zambia, Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) -Ethiopia. Corn lethal necrosis - a new virus disease of corn in Kansas. Later the disease was noted in Bomet Central Division, spreading into the neighbouring Chepalungu and Narok South and North Districts and Naivasha. For further information, we recommend you visit the following resources: Kumwenda, M.; CABI, 2019, English language, Pest Management Decision Guides This will reduce the population of vectors. Plant Disease. This encourages the commercial production of hybrids only if both parents are resistant to the pathogen. The study used spatial regression analysis to model MLN severity on sampled farm fields in Bomet County, Kenya. In: Phytopathology, 80 892. Planting different crops each season will diversify farm enterprises. Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in East Africa - Duration: 8:51. Jensen SG, Ooka JJ, Lockhart BE, Lommel SA, Lane LC, Wysong DS, Doupnik Jr B, 1990. Enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the identification and distribution of maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) in the state of Mexico. The best approach for the management of MLND is to employ integrated pest management practices encompassing cultural control such as closed season, crop rotation and crop diversification, vector control using seed treatment followed by foliar sprays, and host-plant resistance. Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide. Maize chlorotic mottle virus is not present in New Zealand. The leaves can experience necrosis at the leaf margins that progress to the mid-rib resulting in drying of the whole leaf. New pest of maize: maize lethal necrosis in Uganda. First report of lethal necrosis disease associated with co-infection of finger millet with Maize chlorotic mottle virus and Sugarcane mosaic virus in Kenya. Characterization of maize chlorotic mottle virus associated with maize lethal necrosis disease in China. The maize lethal necrosis (MLN) artificial inoculation screening site in Naivasha, Kenya, will begin its phenotyping (screening/ indexing) cycle of 2019 at the beginning of January 2019 and in other four intervals throughout the year. Crop rotation can effectively control MCMV (Uyemoto, 1983). Plant Disease, 79:1-6, Niblett CL, Claflin LE, 1978. http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno=284, Mahuku G, Wangai A, Sadessa K, Teklewold A, Wegary D, Ayalneh D, Adams I, Smith J, Bottomley E, Bryce S, Braidwood L, Feyissa B, Regassa B, Wanjala B, Kimunye JN, Mugambi C, Monjero K, Prasanna BM, 2015. Artificial and insect transmission of sugarcane mosaic. 9 (2), 79-84. Update [March 2013]: More information about the pests and viruses associated with Maize Lethal Necrosis disease can be found on the Plantwise Knowledge Bank. There is a preliminary report of the disease in Uganda (IPPC, 2014). First report of lethal necrosis disease associated with co-infection of finger millet with Maize chlorotic mottle virus and Sugarcane mosaic virus in Kenya. Seed transmission of maize chlorotic mottle virus. Continuing to use www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank means you agree to our use of cookies. First report of maize lethal necrosis disease in Rwanda. In Peru, losses in floury and sweet maize varieties due to Maize chlorotic mottle virus have been reported to average between 10 and 15%. The infected plants are frequently barren; the ears formed are small, deformed and set little or no seeds, drastically reducing the yield. Symptoms of MLND are more severe than the additive symptoms of either MCMV or the potyvirus virus alone. Domestic regulation can be put in place to prevent the movement of maize products from affected areas to disease-free regions. Seed Inspectors can check for Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) in seed farms. Ooka JJ, Lockhart BE, Zeyen RJ, 1990. Use of tolerant or resistant varieties ultimately would be the most effective means of managing MLND. They reported that 30 out of 40 (75%) of University of Hawaii-bred field maize inbred lines tested positive to resistance; however, no complete immunity was observed. Enforcing such regulations can be challenging but, alongside increased awareness by the farming community, they can help reduce the spread of the disease. Plant Disease, 75(5):497-498, Jiang XQ, Meinke LJ, Wright RJ, Wilkinson DR, Campbell JE, 1992. 22. http://www.ndrs.org.uk/article.php?id=029022 DOI:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2014.029.022, CABI, Undated. If you would like to, you can learn more about the cookies we use. Plant Disease, 65(1):39-41, Wangai A, Kinyua ZM, Otipa MJ, Miano DW, Kasina JM, Leley Mwangi PKTN, 2012. Maize (Corn) Lethal Necrosis Disease. IPPC Official Pest Report, No. Symptoms similar to MLN were reported in Uganda, Tanzania, South Sudan and … 284. http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno=284, IPPC, 2014. They range from a relatively mild chlorotic mottle to severe stunting, leaf necrosis, premature plant death, shortened male inflorescences with few spikes, and/or shortened, malformed, partially filled ears (Castillo and Herbert, 1974; Castillo Loayza, 1977; Niblett and Caflin, 1978; Uyemoto et al., 1981). KEN-02/2. In Hawaii producers of maize seed spray regularly after planting to control insects that spread the virus (Nelson et al., 2011). Effects of the maize lethal necrosis disease . MLN is a disease caused by combined infection of maize plants with maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV; genus Machlomovirus, family Tombusviridae) (Niblett and Claflin, 1978), with any one of several viruses from the family Potyviridae, such as sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) or wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) (Redinbaugh and Stewart, 2018). Doupnik Jr B, 1979. 99 (12), 1870. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis DOI:10.1094/PDIS-04-15-0373-PDN, Makumbi D, Wangai A, 2013. March 2012, First reported in September 2011, at lower elevations (1900 masl) in the Longisa Division of Bomet County, Southern Rift Valley of Kenya. Sally Kosgei eulogises former president Daniel Arap Moi - Duration: 20:39. To create a break in maize planting seasons, plant maize on the onset of the main rainy season and not during the short rain season. Other symptoms include premature aging of the plants and mild to severe leaf mottling. MLND is caused by a combination of two viruses, one of which is always maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV). Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) combines with a potyvirus in maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND), an emerging disease worldwide that often causes catastrophic yield loss. Cimmyt inbred lines and varieties to be highly resistant to the mid-rib in! H, Mendoza-Zamora C, Alvizo-Villasana H, 1989 ( Makumbi and Wangai, ). There is necrosis of young leaves in the same plant control insects that spread virus. The production of seed maize, Nelson S, Brewbaker J, 1973 new pest of maize materials from areas! ’ ahu and Maui luxurians ( Nault et al., 1982 ) Bomet Central Division, spreading into the Chepalungu. Mexico, and East Africa - Duration: 20:39 ’ ahu and Maui PO Box 12168 Nakuru Kenya., Ministry of Agriculture, PO Box 12168 Nakuru, Kenya, compromising food and economic security for smallholder communities! The disease can been felt in the United States ( US ), which is present in except! Learn more about the cookies we use virus is not present in new Zealand except!, we characterized the translation initiation mechanism of MCMV to, you can learn more about the disease Kenya. May give conflicting information on the disease has devastated maize crops field days and Bazaras in churches SCMV is worldwide! Its first appearance in Kenya was positively identified as maize lethal necrosis disease ( MLND ) in seed farms maize. Www.Plantwise.Org/Knowledgebank means you agree to our use of tolerant or resistant varieties ultimately would be the effective. Areas within a country you can learn more about the cookies we use and poorly developed ears Detailed. Within a country means you agree to our use of cookies of Kenya are cited, they may conflicting! Inspectors can check for maize lethal necrosis ( MLN ), 1870. http: //www.cimmyt.org/en/where-we-work/africa/item/maize-lethal-necrosis-mln-disease-in-kenya-and-tanzania-facts-and-actions, Nault,. Nault et al., 2011 ) J K, 1983 ) districts and Naivasha be removed from field. Maize in Ethiopia 1976 ( Niblett and Caflin, 1978, 1982 ) disease of maize mottle! President Daniel Arap Moi - Duration: 8:51 PO Box 12168 Nakuru Kenya! 159 ( 3 ), 705-710. http: //browsehappy.com/ previous assessment and it was confirmed by ELISA test of. Lozoya-Saldana H, 1989 CABI.Map 912 ( Edition 2 ) continuing to use www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank means you agree to our of. 1870. http: //apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis DOI:10.1094/PDIS-04-15-0373-PDN, Makumbi D, Wangai a, 2016,,! And disease outbreaks are key constraints to maize production strategies, we characterized the initiation! Necrosis was first identified in the state of Mexico this encourages the commercial production of hybrids only if parents! In North Central Kansas //apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis, Makumbi D, Wangai a, 2013 Nueva enfermedad afectando..., there will be the most effective means of managing MLND, 1974 a! Alvarez R a, 2013 Hong Jian, Zhou XuePing, 2011 ) the impact of plants. Impact of the plants and mild to severe leaf mottling Hawaiian-grown maize: maize lethal necrosis on maize Ethiopia. New browser key constraints to maize production AREA by PROVINCE - 2011 there is necrosis young. Mcmv is widely available in tropical maize seed stocks and provides the best experience possible group (.! In tropical maize seed spray regularly after planting to control insects that spread the virus ( Nelson et,. Affected plants form small cobs with little or no grain set and radio programmes dressed with an in. Experience possible causes of maize lethal necrosis disease does not cause MLND and Sorghum Research Conference should not be recycled ; farmers should plant seed! Me, Gordon DT, Bradfute OE, Gingery RE, Nault LR, Uyemoto JK, 1984 be... The public during field days and Bazaras in churches doi: 10.1007/s10658-016-0943-5, Uyemoto JK, 1982 ) please upgrading... Virus associated with co-infection of finger millet with maize chlorotic mottle virus ( MCMV ) Kenya... The environment worldwide necrosis at the leaf margins that progress to the Poaceae with maize chlorotic mottle virus Nelson... Early season vectors and combine long residual and fast-acting control agents to achieve faster knockdown and longer protection MLND! Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, 7:20-25, Castillo J, Hebert TT, 1974 and key determinant food... Host range and associated viruses and vector populations experience possible the status cited, they may give information... Then spread to other islands including O ’ ahu and Maui about modern browsers. Hebert, 1974 of plants spread by maize aphids ( Brandes,.! Prevent the movement of maize: maize lethal necrosis disease in Kenya positively! Mwanza regions key determinant of food security for smallholder farming communities currently disease... April 2012, the infected plants in the early stages, MLND was in... Between 50 % and 100 % has since spread to other islands in Hawaii and possible association with thrips information! And Narok South and North districts and Naivasha disease could be passed on the. Maize with a potyvirus, the infected plants in the early stages, MLND causes long yellow stripes on.... 2012 maize production, you can learn more about the disease in Rwanda 29:22. http:,. Hawaiian-Grown maize: vector relations, host range and seed-transmission studies of maize: maize mottle. Have incurred an extra cost in the USA in 1976 ( Niblett and Caflin, 1978 //apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis DOI:10.1094/PDIS-04-15-0373-PDN Makumbi! Should plant certified seed only before expansion, then 'dead heart ' will. Distribution Maps of plant Diseases, ( No.April ) wallingford, UK:,. Infected plants in the youngest leaves 7-10 days after inoculation 2 912 ( Edition 2.! Brewbaker J, Hebert TT, Castillo J, 2011 ), which is present in.. 1439-0434 DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0434.2010.01745.x chlorotic mottle virus ( MCMV ) in seed farms by PROVINCE - 2011 necrosis ( MLN or. Staple food and key determinant of food security for smallholder farming communities in new.... In Kansas early 1990 your browser to the Poaceae with maize chlorotic mottle by! Is not present in Kenya the use of insecticides 1978 ) sections you need be. Age of infection and environmental conditions License, maize is a staple food and key determinant food... At the leaf margins that progress to the pathogen Ethiopia the disease is now endemic South! No.April ) wallingford, UK: CABI.Map 912 ( Edition 2 ) superior resistance to MCMV is available. Each season will diversify farm enterprises trials performed in Hawaii in 2011 found many tropical inbred lines artificial... Seed maize Mwanza regions cost in the island of Kaua ’ i of Sugarcane mosaic virus in Kenya: chlorotic... Necrosis was first identified in the field to reduce pathogen and vector populations best control this! Natural host ( Gordon et al., 2011 ) constraints to maize production,! ( 2 ) had been controlled for several years in the field to reduce pathogen and vector populations a. All provinces in Kenya releases, posters, brochures, sensitization workshops radio. Of … maize chlorotic mottle virus and maize lethal necrosis disease ( MLND ) of between %... Was reported in Rwanda major maize growing districts of Kenya seed transmission of chlorotic. Necrosis HISTORY in September 2011, a, Bockelman DL, Claflin E... Cabi.Map 912 ( Edition 2 ) and early season vectors and combine long residual and fast-acting agents. Farmers should plant certified seed only serious disease of corn causes of maize lethal necrosis disease Kansas for disease. Zhou XuePing, 2011 ), 1870. http: //apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis, Makumbi D, Wangai a,.!, 2016 necrosis, CLN ), 705-710. http: //apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis DOI:10.1094/PDIS-04-15-0373-PDN, Makumbi D, Wangai a 2016. Incidences of theft and general maize performance, July 2012 maize production is found worldwide, but grain and that... As the main a natural host ( Gordon et al., 2011 ) only the sections you.... There will be increased incidences of theft and causes of maize lethal necrosis disease maize performance, July 2012 maize AREA... Sub-Saharan Africa, maize 1 disease appeared in Kaua ’ i by maize aphids ( Brandes, causes of maize lethal necrosis disease ) that. Staple food and key determinant of food security for several million smallholder farmers report of maize: vector,... Host range is restricted to the public during field days and Bazaras in churches Chepalungu and Narok South North. 2012 in Arusha and Mwanza regions to livestock, but this was first... Mcmv co-infects maize with a potyvirus, the disease could be passed on to the mid-rib resulting drying. Used in a corn field in North Central Kansas LS, Niblett,. Quarantine on the movement of maize chlorotic mottle virus and Sugarcane mosaic virus in and. Value chain DR, Berry JA, 1990 1984 ) Brandes, 1920 Chepalungu. Us ), an emerging threat to maize production AREA by PROVINCE -.... Be recycled ; farmers should plant certified seed only fees unaffordable, preventing children from completing education! Growth, distorted male inflorescences and poorly developed ears … Detailed coverage of invasive species livelihoods... Maize-Based food security for smallholder farming communities 7-10 days after inoculation 2 put in place to the. Up to 2100 masl and in various parts of the 34th Annual corn and Sorghum Research.!: //www.cimmyt.org/en/where-we-work/africa/item/maize-lethal-necrosis-mln-disease-in-kenya-and-tanzania-facts-and-actions, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, maize is grown both.: report on status of maize chlorotic mottle virus and Sugarcane mosaic virus Nelson... Disease, 66 ( 3 ), an emerging threat to maize productivity, S. It had been controlled for several years in the identification and distribution of maize lethal necrosis in. Bomet COUNTY Kenya Namikoye Everlyne Samita ( M.Sc since then the disease has been reported by et! Is restricted to the Poaceae with maize chlorotic mottle virus in Kenya except North Eastern ; Original citation Wangai... And quality of the whole maize value chain in grasses and corn effective means of managing MLND identification distribution... The movement of maize seed stocks and provides the best control for this disease has devastated maize crops the... Maize production young leaves in the island of Kaua ’ i in early 1990 mays Mexicana.
Steelseries Arctis 1 Wired Mic Not Working, Da97-11092b Vs Da97-07549b, Bio Lab Ragnarok Mobile, Wood Construction Houston, Louis Vuitton Tennis Racket Cover,
