Since early 2011, what appears to have begun as expression of dissent and dissatisfaction at the Sanctions_committees: Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1970 (2011) concerning Libya. UN Security Council Resolutions 1970 and 1973 on Libya marked a turning point. Interpretation of Security Council Resolution 1973 on Libya . Libya One Year Later: The Challenges Though the Libyans can rejoice about the end of dictatorship with the death of Qaddafi, today, a year after the UN Security Council passed Resolution 1973, peace and democracy continues to remain elusive for the people of Libya. Resolution 1973 gave effect to … Russia’s behaviour in the United Nations Security Council remains poorly understood. Many aspects of the Libyan situation remain unclear: the scope of the mandate given to UN member states by Security Council Resolution 1973, the broader aims of the intervention, how many civilians have been killed and by whom, and who the rebels represent. Prior to the resolution on Iraq the Council authorised the use3 *BLC LLB (Pretoria) LLM (Connecticut) PhD (Rotterdam). UN Security Council resolutions on Libya and the significance of ‘R2P’ 8th April, 2011 Authors: Donald R. Rothwell and Hitoshi Nasu, ANU College of Law, Australian National University While the United Nations Security Council’s adoption of Resolution 1973 [1] on 17 March 2011 The UN Resolution on Libya: A Conflicted Middle East. Although the war on Libya was begun under the authorisation of UN Security Council resolution (1973), it is important to note that this resolution only authorised … A NERVOUS silence fell on the UN Security Council shortly after 6pm last Thursday. On 17 March, Russia abstained from voting on the UN Security Council resolution sanctioning the use of force against Libya, which allowed the motion to pass. At its 265th meeting held on 10 March 2011 at the level of heads of state and government, the PSC agreed on a roadmap for resolving the Libyan crisis. Under Resolution 1973, member states of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) were authorised to impose a ‘no-fly zone’ over Libya and ‘to take all necessary measures to protect civilians under threat of attack in the country’ (UN Security Council, 2011, para. AU officials and diplomats still harbour resentment that the P3 effectively dropped the diplomatic option once the resolution passed, and instead pursued a NATO-led military operation to the point of regime change. In March 2011, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 1973 which authorised its members to take “all necessary measures” to protect the Libyan population. The Security Council, Recalling its resolution … Resolution 1973/2011 was just passed by the Security Council. This provided the impetus to consider the application of R2P by showing clear evidence of the commission of genocide, crime against humanity, war crime and ethnic cleansing before any intervention can be authorised. Libya: UN backs action against Colonel Gaddafi. India abstained on UNSC resolution 1973 that authorised air strikes against Muammar Gaddaffi’s security forces and called for implementing a no-fly zone over Libya. Security Council resolution 1970 (2011) [on establishment of a Security Council Committee to monitor implementation of the arms embargo against the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya] Cite as. 2). UN Security Council resolutions on Libya and the significance of ‘R2P’. Libya UN Resolution 1973: Text analysed. On March 21 st 2011, shortly before 559 MPs voted in favour of illegal military action against Libya, the UK Government issued a statement making the false claim that the deployment of British forces against Libya was lawful and authorised by UN Security Council Resolution 1973; their note declared: 17 March 2011: the UN Security Council imposes a no-fly zone over Libya to protect " civilians " by " all necessary measures " – that is including authorised violence against a sovereign state. "The EU wants to see stability, prosperity and good government in all its neighbours," Dalton emphasised. Not to mention that UN resolutions, once agreed, tend to be vague and ambiguous, a dangerous mix that can have both advantages as well as many disadvantages for those acting on them. The UN Security Council has passed a resolution authorising "all necessary measures" to protect civilians in Libya from pro-Gaddafi forces. Keywords Decision-making, language, resolutions, responsibility to protect, United Nations Security Council Introduction 1 Within weeks of the conflict escalating in Libya in 2011 the United Nations (UN) Security Council adopted Resolutions 1970 and 1973. Much time goes by negotiating, lobbying and garnering support from veto holders in the UN Security Council. Among those that the Prime Minister spoke to was Amr Moussa, the secretary-general of the 22-nation Arab League, who on Sunday suggested that the West had gone too far in enforcing UN Resolution 1973. With Resolution 1973 the Security Council did what it had never done before: it authorised a military intervention for humanitarian purposes against the express will of a functioning government. It took great efforts to secure UNSC Resolution 1973 – efforts that will likely be in vain in future situations due to the Libyan experience and the negative reactions of P5 members. AU officials and diplomats still harbour resentment that the P3 effectively dropped the diplomatic option once the resolution passed, and instead pursued a NATO-led military operation to the point of regime change. the Security Council . UN Security Council Resolution 1973, Libya. Applying principal-agent insights, this article analyses the Russian abstention towards Resolution 1973, which authorised intervention during the 2011 Libya crisis. What can be learned from the intervention in Libya with its so-called light-footprint strategy? Updated by Rimjob at Thu Mar 17, 2011 at … In response to the impending mass atrocities, the Security Council issued Resolution 1973, which authorised UN member states, 10 votes in favor, zero against, and five abstentions. UN security council resolution 1973 in favour of a no-fly zone in Libya. 17 March 2011. 7 Abstract. The resolution confirms … According to U.N. A full week after the release of the AU Communiqué on 10 March 2011, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 1973 that authorised a no-fly zone over Libya. Meanwhile, UNSC Resolution 1975 authorised the UN Operation in Côte d’Ivoire ‘to use all necessary means to carry out its mandate to protect civilians under imminent threat of physical violence…’ The intervention was also seen by some to have advanced the cause of R2P: opposing Security Council countries had restrained from using a veto, and swift action had been taken. The intervention in Libya in 2011 was claimed to have been a triumph in two respects. The intervention has been severely criticised, however, particularly by Security Council members who had abstained from the vote on Resolution 1973, for ‘mission creep’. international law. The move follows a UN Security Council decision to back Resolution 1973 authorising "all necessary measures", short of intervention, to impose a no-fly zone to protect Libyan civilians from Colonel Gaddafi's forces. Prevention will always be better than a response. by Sarah Joseph This morning, Melbourne time, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 1973/2011, which authorises the taking of “all necessary measures” including a no fly zone but short of occupation, to protect civilians and “civilian populated areas” from Colonel Gaddafi’s government. By Susan Breau, Professor of International Law (Flinders University, Australia) On 30 March 2011, the Security Council acting under Chapter VII of the Charter adopted Resolution 1975 which urged the defeated President Gbagbo to immediately step aside and declared the situation in Ivory Coast to be a threat to international threat and security. Security Council passes resolution authorizing military intervention in Libya Update: The U.N. Security Council resolution authorizing military force in Libya … The first UN Security Council resolution on the matter, which referred the situation in Libya to the ICC and imposed sanctions on Libyan individuals and entities, was adopted three days later. The nature of the act and the crime of aggression is examined as well. There are no ambiguities, however, in Security Council resolution 1973, which authorises all necessary military action against Libyan forces short of invasion. Selected Security Council Resolutions: View All: 3 June 2021 S/RES/2578: This resolution renewed for 12 months the authorisation for member states, acting nationally or through regional organisations, to inspect vessels on the high seas off the coast of Libya bound to or from the country that they have reasonable grounds to believe are violating the arms embargo. The Resolution 1973 was adopted as a result of Gaddafi‟s manifest intention to exterminate the Libyan population. Resolution 1973, adopted on 17 March 2011, was the first time the military component of R2P was used against a sovereign state. Kadhafi’s regime had declared a ceasefire on Friday after UN Security Council resolution 1973 authorised any necessary measures, including a no-fly zone, to stop his forces harming civilians in the fight against the rebels. I spent much of yesterday conducting interviews with the media about the situation in Libya. Resolution 1973 (2011), passed late on Thursday with 10 votes and five abstentions by the 15-member Council, effectively authorised the use of force in Libya to protect civilians from attacks. 1 SC Res 1973, UN SCOR, 66 th sess, 6498 th mtg, UN Doc S/RES/1973 ... evolution, and legal status of R2P prior to the 2011 Libyan intervention. NATO’s military intervention in Libya has renewed the debate over R2P’s proper implementation. The A3 voted for Security Council Resolution 1973, which authorised military intervention in Libya and also encouraged the AU to mediate in the conflict. However, now four years later, the situation in Libya is far from stable… UN Security Council resolutions 1970 and 1973, which imposed fresh sanctions and ... intervention in Libya. Resolution 1973 imposes a no-fly zone, essentially banning all flights in Libya's airspace. Most notably, Resolution 1973 (17 March 2011) was the Council’s first to mandate the use of military force against the de jure authorities of a UN Member State for the purpose of human protection. 5.45pm ET / 9.45pm GMT: The UN security council will shortly start its proceedings for a vote on a resolution supporting military action against the Gaddafi regime in Libya… The first seminar, in April 2011, took place less than a month after UN Security Council Resolution 1973 authorised a NATO intervention to establish a no-fly zone over Libya and take “all necessary measures” to protect Libyan civilians. 3 Shortly afterwards, on 17 March, the UN Security Council approved the no-fly zone over Libya; it authorised all of the necessary measures to protect .4 civilians Sarkozy called a summit on Libya, in the French capital on 19 March. NATO Extends Authorisation For Libya Bombardment To September. With regards to 1), in Resolution 2214 (2015) the Security Council, inter alia: The Resolution authorised the member nations and regional organizations to use all measures necessary to protect all civilians in Libya.2 Thereafter, the coalition of states went to Libya, under the pretext of responsibility to protect and protection of civilians, and as a result the Libyan leader was killed. What is the basis for its authorisation of use of force? In March 2011 troops of the Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi advanced quickly towards Benghazi – a stronghold of oppo-sition forces – threatening to crush the rebellion and to punish the population. Whether the US could point to a specific Security Council authorisation rests on two possible arguments: 1) The airstrike was authorised by SC Res 2214 (2015) on Libya and counter-terrorism; and/or. 2) The airstrike was authorised ex post facto by SC Res 2249 (2015). A month earlier, an uprising in the country started that was soon violently repressed by the Gaddafi-regime and led to an all-out armed struggle between the rebels and the government. The international intervention in Libya in 2011 was initially proclaimed to be a success and a model for future Western interventions, specifically because long-term dictator Muammar Gaddafi was overthrown. In March 2011, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 1973 which authorised its members to take “all necessary measures” to protect the Libyan population. Several interviewees pointed out that in 2011 South Africa was against intervention in Libya and supported an African solution to the crisis.
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