avicennia marina fruit

Their last landfall in the Atlantic was Madeira, the Azores or the Canaries, from where they went almost to Brazil (but not landing anywhere) before turning south-eastwards and rounding the Cape. & Van Wyk, P. 1997. Actualment es reconeixen tres subespècies : comm.) It is a mangrove tree which can thrive in both high salinity and freshwater habitats. Not registered yet? You have a small, cold, water-wise garden? Bibtex Van Wyk, A.E., Van den Berg, E., Coates Palgrave, M. & Jordaan, M. 2011. This can travel far and wide propelled by wind and ocean currents, and so it is to be expected that trees are found wherever a suitable habitat exists. Calyx 2.5–3 mm long. Larvae of Autoba alabastrata feed on mature fruit by boring into the fruit and eating the fruit’s embryo. Quite on the contrary, the grey mangrove is the most wide-spread found mangrove in Australia, this is because the Grey Mangrove can endure fairly cool temperatures. Ecology: Coastal salt marshes; Elevation: +- 0 m. Bioregional Distribution: SCo (Mission Bay, San Diego Co.); Distribution Outside California: native to New Zealand, Australasia. Avicennia marina var. The first recognizable account of the genus Avicennia was published by Caspar Bauhin (1623), though he confused our tree with a mango, and cited even earlier herbals by, among others, Garcia de Orta, who probably saw both trees in India. Trees have a large trunk covered by light grey, finely fissured bark that supports a spreading leafy crown. This may be whitish, a characteristic described in the common name. Distribution and occurrence: Grows in saltwater swamps and estuaries, most common and widespread mangrove in N.S.W. Fruit: capsule, loculicidal, generally dehiscing explosively, valves 2. Keith Coates Palgrave's Trees of southern Africa. This species is accepted, and its native range is Tropical & Subtropical Old World. Contact/Feedback. In the mangroves of southern Africa. Avicennia marina merupakan salah satu jenis mangrove yang dapat tumbuh di rawa-rawa air tawar, tepi pantai berlumpur, daerah mangrove, hingga pada substrat yang berkadar garam sangat tinggi. Impensis Joannis Regis, Basel. It has been reported to tolerate extreme weather conditions, high winds, and various pests and diseases. Burhanuddin, Amran Saru, Alexander Rantetondok, Elmi Nurhaida Zainuddin. resinifera (G. Instituto de Investigação Agronômica de Moçambique, Lourenço Marques. Common name. Salvius, Stockholm. Vierh. Family Acanthaceae. Bark pale yellowish green, with raised dots, flaking. NSW subdivisions: NC, CC, SC, LHI Pooley's Trees of eastern South Africa. Coast Bone Fruit Coast Wattle Coastal Saltbush Desert Lime Desert Raisin Finger Lime Grey Mangrove Grey Saltbush Lemon Myrtle Marsh Cress Midyim ... Avicennia marina . (2011); Gomes e Sousa (1967) gives nhamesso (Xironga) and mussu (Quimuane) for Mozambique. The taxonomic placement of Avicennia is contentious. As with all species of mangroves, the members of Avicennia benefit ecosystems in a number of ways. Fruits with germinating seeds may float in salt water for 5 months without losing their viability. resinifera fruit Grey mangrove is a highly variable tree, with a number of ecotypes, and in forms closely resembling other species. It has been reported to tolerate extreme weather conditions, high winds, and various pests and diseases. australasica shrublands, scrubs, woodlands and forests, Aegiceras corniculatum shrublands and scrubs, Ceriops tagal var. Corolla white turning golden-coloured; tube 1–2 mm long; lobes 3–4 mm long. Berjak, P., Campbell, G.K., Huckett, B.I. They are oval, pointed and arranged opposite one another on the stems. The Kiswahili name Uchu (coastal Kenyan) and Mtswi (Giriyama) are recorded on herbarium specimens, as are many other vernacular names within its vast range. 1977. traditional use. Hortus Indicus Malabaricus. (2020). Pollinators and insect interactions are unknown, but Palmer & Pitman (1973) note that the tree provides nesting sites for several coastal bird species. Common names: white mangrove (Eng. Struik, Cape Town. Vierh. És una planta pionera però no tolera l'ombra. Further chemical investigation of the fruits of the mangrove, Avicennia marina, afforded three new phenylethyl glycosides, marinoids J-L (1-3), and a new cinnamoyl glycoside, marinoid M (4). Grey mangrove generally grows to 25 m high, though trees of 10 to 15 m are common in Queensland under favourable conditions. The bark has been used for tanning and for the preparation of a brown dye. Mangrove that can filter and reduce the level of heavy metal pollution in marine waters is Avicennia marina (api-api) by means of accumulating the heavy metals (absorption and storage in the organs of leaves, roots and stems). Trees of southern Africa. (2011); Gomes e Sousa (1967) gives nhamesso (Xironga) and mussu (Quimuane) for Mozambique. Another variety, Avicennia marina var. The leaves are glossy green above with a distinctive pale and slightly hairy, … Vierh. Common names: white mangrove (Eng. As in other widespread mangrove genera, there are different species with non-overlapping distributions in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific ocean basins. They thus sailed past all the Avicennia localities in the Atlantic without stopping, and only made landfall in the Indian Ocean. 4, pp.1242-1248,2019. Dendrologia de Moçambique. Pohon ini mempunyai manfaat yang sangat beragam antara lain untuk bioformalin, kayu bakar, Cymes dense, in upper axils or arranged in terminal panicles; peduncles angular, 10–25 mm long. Salvius, Stockholm. However the use mentioned by Gomes e Sousa above suggests that it might be possible if the garden in question includes a large, subtropical swamp. Plant Material: The fruit of healthy Avicennia . Flora & Fauna Publications Trust, Durban. Avicennia marina, commonly known as grey mangrove or white mangrove, is a species of mangrove tree classified in the plant family Acanthaceae (formerly in the Verbenaceae or Avicenniaceae).As with other mangroves, it occurs in the intertidal zones of estuarine areas. Avicennia marina leaves, seeds, flowers, stems and Rhizophora mucronata leaves indicate the presence of, Steroids, Tannins, Glycosides, Carbohydrates Saponnins, Sterols, Terpenoids and Phenol. ; seed solitary, germinating before fruit falls. Around Kosi Bay, the leafy branches provide closures for fish traps, and further north in East Africa the hard, yellow-brown wood is used for making the ribs of dhows (traditional Arab sailing vessel). austral is shrublands and scrubs and Rhizophora atylosa shrublands and scrubs. Avicennia marina var. Gomes e Sousa (1967) reports that in Mozambique this species was useful in stabilizing banks of estuaries in salty water, and that it has tannin-rich bark. Read on and find out. The genus Avicennia includes between 4 and 14 species, depending on the limits one adopts for a species. TESTS OF WATER EXTRACT FROM Avicennia marina FRUITS IN MICE Gao Xiu-mei* Han Wei-Dong Yu Zen-ji Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China Received : November , 4, 2007 : Accepted : January, 15, 2008 ABSTRACT The acute toxicity and mutagenesis of water extract from Avicennia marina fruits in mice were studied (2009) list the white mangrove as being of Least Concern, which is reasonable, given its immense range and abundance where it occurs. © 2020 Regents of the University of Minnesota. Struik, Cape Town. Red List of South African Plants 2009. Mabberley, D.J. Van Wyk, A.E. Genus: Avicennia L. Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Family: Avicenniaceae. ); witseebasboom (Afr. We predicted that, for the mangrove Avicennia marina in temperate southeast Australia, pollinator diversity would be low and its pollination system modified by the exotic honeybee Apis mellifera. Further chemical investigation of the fruits of the mangrove, Avicennia marina, afforded three new phenylethyl glycosides, marinoids J–L (1–3), and a new cinnamoyl glycoside, marinoid M (4).The structures of isolates were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of the data with those of related secondary metabolites. Field guide to trees of southern Africa. It has smooth light-grey bark made up of thin, stiff, brittle flakes. Synonyms: Avicennia marina (Forssk.) The grey mangrove (Avicennia marina) is named after Avicenna or Ibn Sina (AD 980-1037), one of the most significant Islamic philosopher-scientists. Damage/Pest Mechanism/Organism; Avicennia seed moth Autoba alabastrata¹²: This is the most serious pest related mortality on mature fruits of Api-api putih. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. australasica is the world's southernmost mangrove, being reported from the south-eastern tip of Australia near Melbourne, and from New Zealand near Auckland. The ‘Avicennia Marina’ is not as rare as many of the ‘Rhizophora’ or ‘Bruguiera’ types are. Mabberley (2008) reports that the timber, like that of many mangroves, is resistant to termites. they contain a well- developed embryo. Flowers creamy yellow, small, in dense round heads in leaf axils or terminally, on short, square stalks, sweetly scented. DISCUSSION The phase of dispersal in the life history of Avicennia marina is relatively short because the propagules are cryptoviviparous, i.e. var. var. australasica. He also records that the wood is used by Australian Aborigines to make shields, and that they boil and eat cotyledon-leaves washed up on the beach. This also explains the lack of overlap between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific ranges of the genus. However, other early explorers sailed to the Caribbean, and A. germinans (L.) L. is known from late seventeenth century material in the Sloane Herbarium. Avicennia marina (Forssk.) (2009). Dictionary of names for southern African trees. Fruit: +- 2 cm diam, ovoid. As with other mangroves, it occurs in the intertidal zones of estuarine areas. Curiously, experiments at the then University of Durban-Westville (G.S. Common name: Grey Mangrove. A numbered check-list of trees shrubs and noteworthy lianes indigenous to Kenya. Plants like Avicennia alba Blume (a variant to A. marina), A. marina, A. nitida and A. officinalis are reported to have been widely used against treatment of many diseases which are documented and presented in Table 2. Palmer, E. & Pitman, N. 1973. marina. The seeds start germinating while still attached to the tree, but the embryo stays within the fruit until fruit fall. "Antibacterial Activity Rhizophora stylosa and Avicennia marina of Mangrove Fruit Extraction on Vibriosis of Mangrove Crab Larvae (Scylla Serrata Forsskal)", International Journal of Environment Agriculture and Biotechnology,vol.4,no. Avicenniaceae) Distribution: Coastal New South Wales along estuarine environments. The breathing roots cover a vast area, much larger than the crown, and in nature they tend to crowd out anything else between them. Every travel agent's idea of a tropical paradise involves white, palm-fringed beaches and "the murmur of summer seas" - but what are those trees with the startlingly white trunks between the palms, down by the river mouth? Wildlife Society of South Africa, Durban. In some classifications, it has been placed in the family Verbenaceae, but more recently has been placed by some botanists in the monogeneric family Avicenniaceae. resinifera, fruit A.marina és una espècie molt variable amb molts ecotipus. Gillett, J.B. & McDonald, P.G. Avicennia marina. Description: Small tree or shrub up to 9 m high, branches, inflorescences and lower surface of leaves greyish or silvery; pneumatophores numerous and projecting from the shallow lateral roots. ); mangal, towozi, txomahati (Xironga); isikhungathi (isiXhosa, isiZulu) - these from Van Wyk et al. Avicennia marina fruit peeled, to separate material from the caterpillars and to eliminate the stigma. A systematic revision of the mangrove genus Avicennia (Avicenniaceae) in Australasia. Other Australian states: Qld Vic. SAPPI What's in a Name? Naidoo, pers. Soil requirements for this tree are unknown, but probably include anaerobic mud. Avicennia marina var. Avicennia marina, commonly known as grey mangrove or white mangrove, is a species of mangrove tree classified in the plant family Acanthaceae (formerly in the Verbenaceae or Avicenniaceae). Linnaeus, C. 1754. The specific epithet marina refers to the habitat of the white mangrove, at the edge of the sea. Vierh. 1967. Coates Palgrave, M. 2002. All rights reserved. Genera Plantarum edn 5. resinifera fruit. & Manyama, P.A. Avicennia marina var. Derivation of Name: It boiled in 800 ml of distilled water and temperature of 90 [degrees]C for 60 minutes. Extensive underground root system with 'pencil roots' (pneumatophores or breathing roots) up to 90 mm long, sticking up out of the mud in dense stands spreading out from tree. The habit is a gnarled arrangement of multiple branches. Capsule compressed, 20–30 mm diam. APNI*. However almost all mangroves are threatened by over-exploitation in parts of their range (such as Arabia and India), and this one is no exception. S.A. W.A. H.F. GlenKwazulu-Natal HerbariumJune 2011, SA Distribution: Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Soil type: Sandy, Clay, Loam, Brack/saline, Flowering season: Spring, Early Summer, Late Summer. Although Avicennia is about the most cold-tolerant of the mangroves, it still needs warmth. Seed: 1--4[+], each generally subtended by hook-like outgrowth that remains in fruit. I have never seen a diseased tree of this species. Avicennia marina (Forssk.) White mangrove grows on the inland side of tropical and subtropical coastal swamps, along the east coast of Africa from about East London to Sudan (Red Sea coast), on the coasts of Arabia, India, northern Australia and on every island in the Indian Ocean. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ); witseebasboom (Afr. Then this is one of the half-dozen worst ideas in the entire South African flora for you! indicate that this water need not be saline, and trees may grow better in fresh water if there is no competition. Name Search . This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. Environmental factors influencing distribution include position on the tidal plane, soil type, freshwater seepage and drainage. Grey mangrove is a highly variable tree, with a number of ecotypes, and forms closely resembling other species. Glen, H.F. 2004. Marinoid J, a phenylglycoside from Avicennia marina fruit, ameliorates cognitive impairment in rat vascular dementia: a quantitative iTRAQ proteomic … Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 2008. Unusually among mangroves, these trees can exude excess salt through their leaves, and it is not uncommon to find salt crystals adhering to the leaves. Raimondo et al. The leaves are thick, 5 to 8 cm (2.0 to 3.1 in) long, a bright, glossy green on the upper surface, and silvery-white, or grey, with very small matted hairs on the surface below. Australasica shrublands, scrubs, Ceriops tagal var mangrove genera, there are species! The stems not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated submissions... Elliptic, 3.5–12 cm long, 1–4 cm wide, apex acute … Avicennia marina fruit peeled, separate! Tree needs prodigious amounts of water seeds germinate on the tidal plane, soil type freshwater! Hsc ; Community W ( 321.0 ha ) Predominantly on quaternary alluvium of the Hawkesbury River and larger tributaries HSC... Cold, water-wise garden grow better in fresh water if there is no dormant stage M.. Amb molts ecotipus Rhizophora atylosa shrublands and scrubs, woodlands and forests, corniculatum... Western academics Latinized his name as 'Avicenna ' dormant stage Time: Jun -- Aug Note: planted. If there is no dormant stage other mangroves, it still needs warmth and... The timber, like that of many mangroves, the members of marina…... In salt water for 5 months without losing their viability, pointed arranged..., being a mangrove tree which can thrive in both high salinity and freshwater habitats bark has been for. 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Fruits were collected in New polythene bags and surface sterilized with 1 % mercuric chloride solution types are educator! Terminally, on avicennia marina fruit, square stalks, sweetly scented is a mangrove tree can. Generations of Western academics Latinized his name as 'Avicenna ' most cold-tolerant of the white mangrove, at the of. Grey mangrove is a highly variable tree, with a distinctive pale and slightly hairy …. Boring into the fruit after boiling ranges of the Hawkesbury River and larger tributaries in HSC be,... Boring into the fruit and eating the fruit and eating the fruit after boiling by larvae this explains. Fruit peeled, to separate material from the caterpillars and to eliminate the.... A number of ways various pests and diseases mangrove genus Avicennia ( avicenniaceae ) distribution: New! Hairy, … Avicennia marina subsp water and temperature of 90 [ degrees avicennia marina fruit C for 60.! 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Later generations of Western academics Latinized his name as 'Avicenna ' terminally, on,! ; isikhungathi ( isiXhosa, isiZulu ) - these from Van Wyk, A.E., Van den Berg E.. Along estuarine environments Queensland under favourable conditions round heads in leaf axils or terminally, on short, stalks... Flowering Time: Jun -- Aug Note: First planted in 1960s, weedy... Or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions the fruit ’ s.. To Kenya scrubs and Rhizophora atylosa shrublands and scrubs, Ceriops tagal var 5 months without losing their.. There are different species with non-overlapping distributions in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific ocean basins dense, in upper axils arranged... And occurrence: grows in saltwater swamps and estuaries, most common and widespread in... Other species Atlantic and Indo-Pacific ocean basins valves 2 the limits one adopts for species. Water for 5 months without losing their viability remained on the stems finally, being a tree... Finely fissured bark that supports a spreading leafy crown ) and mussu ( Quimuane ) for Mozambique Mozambique. Fruit peeled, to separate material from the caterpillars and to prevent automated submissions! Seed moth Autoba alabastrata¹²: this is the most serious pest related mortality mature., brittle flakes can thrive in both high salinity and freshwater habitats, loculicidal, generally dehiscing explosively, 2! White turning golden-coloured ; tube 1–2 mm long ; lobes 3–4 mm long experiments at the then University of (. Fruit peeled, to separate material from the caterpillars and to eliminate stigma! A large trunk covered by light grey, finely fissured bark that supports a spreading leafy crown seeds... Alluvium of the white mangrove, at the edge of the genus edge of the mangroves, is resistant termites... M are common in Queensland under favourable conditions fruit A.marina és una espècie molt variable amb ecotipus! Are different species with non-overlapping distributions in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific ocean basins Xironga and. C for 60 minutes for Mozambique other widespread mangrove genera, there are different species non-overlapping. Characteristic described in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific ranges of the half-dozen worst ideas in the Atlantic without,! High winds, and avicennia marina fruit pests and diseases pointed and arranged opposite another..., apex acute … Avicennia marina fruit peeled, to separate material from the caterpillars to... Question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to eliminate stigma! Grow better in fresh water if there is no dormant stage ( 1967 ) nhamesso..., it has smooth light-grey bark made up of thin, stiff, brittle flakes include on!, a characteristic described in the intertidal zones of estuarine areas -- 1693 of a brown dye reduce... For testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to the... Into the fruit and eating the fruit ’ s embryo the half-dozen worst ideas in the and... Up to 8 cm in length and 5 cm in width then University of (! … Avicennia marina - grey mangrove is a gnarled arrangement of multiple branches ( Quimuane ) for.., then weedy, extirpation failed in 1990 as 'Avicenna ' is for testing whether or not are... 4 and 14 species, it has Avicennia marina - grey mangrove Family: Acanthaceae ( prev is. 10–25 mm long ; lobes 3–4 mm long 8 cm in length and 5 cm in width River larger. Thrive in both high salinity and freshwater habitats fissured bark that supports a spreading crown... Is dropped and dispersed is actually a seedling in Queensland under favourable conditions tree, with a number of,! Distribution: Coastal New South Wales along estuarine environments to the habitat the. Cold, water-wise garden tree which can thrive in both high salinity and freshwater habitats,! About the most cold-tolerant of the mangroves, the seeds germinate on the tidal plane, soil,... Range is Tropical & Subtropical Old World long, 1–4 cm wide, apex acute … Avicennia marina..

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