So, that was all about the significance of a business portfolio in running a successful business. It also tells if the business should opt for a more or lesser investment. It basically can be expressed as an array of assets that the company acquires to reach the planned vision. With the help of a business portfolio, a business can know about its strength and utilize the available opportunities together with its utmost potential in its favor. A portfolio is a set of pictures or photographs of someone's work, which they show to potential employers. Copyright © 2020 MyAccountingCourse.com | All Rights Reserved | Copyright |. It may also include business assets such as business units, subsidiaries and strategic alliances, along with the available product lines, patents, registered brands and other valuable elements that can be employed to produce positive financial results for the company. This portfolio should also be planned and designed according to the company’s mission, vision and strategic objectives, in order to develop those that are required through those that are currently available. A business portfolio rightly describes a companys strength and helps the company to exploit the most attractive business opportunities. While making a business portfolio, you need to understand that each SBU has its competition which calls for a close review. A business portfolio is a set of company’s products, services, strategic business units and allows it to develop its mission and to achieve its strategic goals. This portfolio includes an entire set of projects and programs. Each unit within the portfolio can also be treated as an asset. While a business portfolio is a company’s class of its products and services, finances, individual brands and businesses, a product portfolio is a mix of market segments of a product. All in all, apart from planning, all these aspects must be diligently viewed. Adequate knowledge and. This assessment allowed the company to identify that the butter and ice cream market were the most profitable and the ones with the highest growth potential. This is an entirely systematic and strategic regime. An adequate management of the business portfolio will increase its performance and results by taking advantage of all its resources. Alternatively the portfolio may achieve for the investor a minimum amount of risk for a given level of expected return. The loans that a lender (or a buyer of loans) is owed. The portfolio entrepreneur, and the variant "serial entrepreneur", knows that failure is the bass-line beat of entrepreneurship. Home » Accounting Dictionary » What is a Business Portfolio? Implied Terms vs Express Terms – Importance and Differences, Leadership Vision – Qualities and Building the vision, Adaptive Leadership – Principles and Characteristics of Adaptive Leaders, Market Size; how well the market is spread helps in increasing connectivity, Competition; this is one of the fragile factors, it is mandatory to have an overview of the industry’s competition to evaluate chances of demolition, Competencies of assets and their corresponding strengths along with the relative strength of brands, Customer loyalty together with the comparison of cost structure with their competitor’s, i.e. The company is currently analyzing its strategic approach to allocate its financial resources in the most promising markets. It segregates those markets to which a company can be attracted. As an SBU falls under a company only, it can be in the form of a company division, a product line or an utterly individual brand altogether. Traduzioni in contesto per "portfolio" in inglese-italiano da Reverso Context: portfolio management, portfolio investment, loan portfolio, investment portfolio, product portfolio The loan portfolio is listed as an asset on the lender's or investor's balance sheet. Required fields are marked *, Copyright © 2020 Marketing91 All Rights Reserved, Business Portfolio – Definition, Meaning, Examples, Management, How To Avoid Office Politics? Now the time has come to understand how you can make a result-oriented business profile that can help you in achieving your business goals. Layers can be anybody like college graduates or perhaps blue-collar workers. The total collection of the products that a company has to offer forms its portfolio. It can be individual business units also (called as strategic business units or SBUs). portfolio: [noun] a hinged cover or flexible case for carrying loose papers, pictures, or pamphlets. Both of these portfolios lift companies to grow financially. You can follow me on Facebook. Your email address will not be published. A lot of research work and working hours go into the process of planning a business portfolio. Sometimes, people get confused between product portfolio and business portfolio, so, let us understand that as well. To optimize the portfolio within current and future constraints, risk and finance data needs to be integrated. Sunshine Milk Products Co. is a company that manufactures many different dairy products such as butter, cream cheese, condensed milk and ice cream, among others. What is Project Portfolio? Business portfolios What is Business Portfolio. 10 Reasons To Build Business Credit. Learn more. A business portfolio consists of all the assets that are included in the firm’s balance sheet. Definition: Portfolio analysis is an examination of the components included in a mix of products with the purpose of making decisions that are expected to improve overall return. The perk of SBU is that it can be expected without affecting any business or getting interfered by one as its objective and mission are entirely separate. The former is used in Business Portfolio and the latter in Product Portfolio. We all know that a business consists of a variety of elements; business units, producing products and providing services are the pillars of a company, so their balance is required and a decent enough management. A portfolio contains all the essentials of a company, hence, making it a crucial growth-promoting factor. It helps in making decisions about how the company should invest, how much needs to be spent. Definition: A business portfolio is a group of products, services, and business units that conform a given company and allows it to pursue its strategic goals. In this post, we will dive deep into the world of business portfolio and understand what it is, its fundamental traits, and how you can plan it. Business as a whole comprises of a lot of factors, several intricate details and processes go in it. Definition. This portfolio can also be defined as the set of available assets that the company posses to develop its mission and reach its vision. Brand Portfolio Definition: The Brand Portfolio refers to an umbrella under which all the brands or brand lines of a particular firm functions to serve the needs of different market segments. A company portfolio provides an in-depth look at your business and prior projects. Portfolios may be held by individual investors or managed by financial professionals, hedge funds, banks and other financial institutions. Did we miss any of the critical points that you consider essential for the business portfolio? A portfolio is a collection of financial investments like stocks, bonds, commodities, cash, and cash equivalents, including closed-end funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). It has several levels to detangle the process of planning a portfolio. A work portfolio is a curated collection of a job candidate's best work. A business portfolio normally includes the collection of businesses and products that constitute and make up a company. In its entirety, it describes the brand, what it does, the products and services it offers, its strengths, and weaknesses. It plays a crucial role in deciding the growth strategy of a business and gauging if the business should continue with the same product or service or not. Portfolio management is a process of choosing an appropriate mix of investments and the percentage allocation of those investments. What is Business Portfolio? The term “portfolio” refers to any combination of financial assets such as stocks, bonds and cash. Planning strategically and properly improves communication between IT and business leaders. Steps to make an effective Business Portfolios, 1) You need to find out the Strategic Business Units (SBU) in your business portfolio, 2) Know about your marketing niche and how it can favor your business, 3) Evaluate your Competitive Strength in your target marketing, Difference between Product and Business Portfolios Management, a) Growth-Share Matrix of Product Portfolios & Business Portfolios, b) Strategic Business Units (SBU) in Product’s Portfolios and Business Portfolios, Benefits of Business Portfolios Management, Drawbacks of Business Portfolios Management, Critical Tips for effective Business Portfolios. Another hurdle is the absence of a proper document management system which results in difficulty to obtain useful information on a specified subject. The investment may be used to develop equity in a particular portfolio company, buyout the portfolio company, or both. Definition: A Business Portfolio is a combination of various products, services and business units that make up a business. All it depends on is the company’s nature and organization. need to be planned to establish a stabilized empire and ensure its growth. © 2012 Farlex, Inc. Each unit within the portfolio can also be treated as an asset. A portfolio must have a company’s profile containing all the necessary and adequate information. It gives a prospective client an idea of your company’s strengths, the experience of your staff and what working with you looks like. The market plays a critical role at the time of planning a company’s portfolio. Business portfolio management allows the organization to evaluate and balance conflicting demands for project resources. Tobacco and Cigarettes, Hotels, Agri-business, FMCG, Paper and Packaging etc. Despite proper planning, at times, it gets challenging to filter products for the final portfolio. A business portfolio is thus, essential for a company’s growth and its position in the market. Here comes the role of a business portfolio that keeps all these significant facets combined to facilitate the growth of a business and increase its environment. A portfolio also recommends certain subjects, as if certain products should be retained or discarded. portfolio theory the study of the way in which an individual investor may achieve the maximum expected return from a varied PORTFOLIO of FINANCIAL SECURITIES which has attached to it a given level of risk. Multiple aspects collectively boost the statistics of business; solely, an idea is not enough to have an unbeaten run. The term applies to the process that allows a manager to recognize better ways to allocate resources with the goal of increasing profits. When constructing a portfolio, you’ll want to think through how much risk you’re willing … Although a lot of software systems have been developed, single solution software remains to be just a topic of discussion that hasn’t seen any development as far as its implementation is concerned. Business portfolio meaning A business portfolio can be simply described as a collection of businesses, holdings, brands, assets and investments, products, and services that make up a company. The visuals and text you include can be key to attracting and retaining clients. Think of it like a financial portfolio. All the key factors must be paid attention to accomplish the desired goals. These levels are Project level Market Portfolio Management, Corporate Portfolio Management and Industry and Competitor Portfolio Management (ICPM). So, what are your thoughts about the inclusion of a business portfolio for planning and running a successful business? On the other hand, a business portfolio is focused on a wider range of elements including productive assets such as equipment, machinery and fixed assets. Let's stay in touch :), Your email address will not be published. Besides, do different upsides of the business portfolio, there are some notable downsides of business portfolio management as well, so let us go through them as well0. A business’ management and planning have time constraints as one of the significant hurdles. Benefits & Key Terms Explained, Business Risk Management: Sources and Creation of Business Risks, Management Control: Meaning, Types, & Features of Management Control, Controlling in Management - Meaning, Process, and Examples, Impression Management - Meaning, Examples,Tactics and Strategies, Crisis Management - Meaning, Need, Steps and Examples, Team Management - Meaning, Importance, Types, Examples, Organic Growth: Meaning, Examples, & Strategies to achieve Organic Growth in Business. A customer portfolio is a segmented list of the various groups that do business with you. n. ... portafolio m; [of business, politician] → cartera f portfolio of shares → cartera f de acciones minister without portfolio → ministro/a m/f sin cartera. The value of a loan portfolio depends on both the principal and interest owed and the average creditworthiness of the loans. Planning that is done systematically and adequately encourages the leaders to look after their teams; this increases team spirit to a certain extent and boosts the efficiency of doing a project. Thank you for reading our article about product portfolios. Now these products vary in reference to the contribution they make to a company’s profits. Thus, analysing competitive strength extends to the company the dimension of assessing it. A portfolio is a large, flat briefcase used to hold papers and other loose materials, like maps or artwork. The process of management of business portfolio helps in reducing investment failures or risks significantly and enhances the value as well as the return of investments. Some products cost more to … business portfolio definition in the English Cobuild dictionary for learners, business portfolio meaning explained, see also 'business angel',business card',business class',business end', English vocabulary The analysis of a portfolio is reasonably vital to understand the company’s products and subsequently to assort them based on their performance and level of competition. The goal of a company portfolio is to create a presence of the business on the market, attract more customers and to show how the business differs from its direct competitors on the market. A portfolio company is a single investment for an investment firm's overall portfolio. By demonstrating your expert knowledge and the results of its application to practice, with the help of a well-designed business portfolio , you build and strengthen the … All the determinants mentioned above, when combined, produce an effective and standardized business portfolio. Portfolio management is a tool to determine opportunities, strengths, weaknesses, and threats so as to maximize the returns … What Is a Work Portfolio? Once the portfolio is focused, attention needs to turn to execution. A portfolio plan is an overall strategy that guides day-to-day decisions on investing. The different items that form the product line of a company, taken as a whole, is known as the portfolio of the company. A portfolio planning does not only depend upon the above-stated aspects but also relies on several teams and individuals of the concerned company. These factors that draw the attention of a company to a particular industry are stated below, and a company must carefully examine and analyze these factors. The teams assigned to each level are allotted a separate agenda to reduce the complexity of planning. The Chief Marketing Officer of the company developed a business portfolio including all available business units and products to evaluate them through a management tool called the Boston Consulting Group tool that evaluates which products and businesses are the ones with the most potential. The goal is to balance the implementation of change initiatives and the maintenance of business-­as­-usual, while optimising return on investment. All the factors need to be carefully looked upon to inhibit any source of failure that would jeopardize the company’s face value. The accurate, specific and defined business, company, enterprise or organizational role, responsibilities, budget, goals, legislation, objectives, plans, processes, procedures, rules, strategy, structures, systems and vision assigned to a director or team of directors to lead, manage, control, update, review and report updates … Vitally this includes making those difficult choices of what not to do, unlocking resources to focus on fewer, better activities – those most closely aligned with strategic success. These segments are nothing but a specific group of people, who are targeted by marketing managers to appeal their products to these groups. Portfolio Management is further of the following types: Active Portfolio Management: As the name suggests, in an active portfolio management service, the portfolio managers are actively involved in buying and selling of securities to ensure maximum profits to individuals. Business managers analyze SBUs and not the market at the time of using a growth-share matrix to analyze SBUs. It lays down a clear vision of what the company aspires for and helps in eliminating redundant projects. relative cost bearings, Effectiveness of distribution alongside the inclusion of, Even though planning a business portfolio proves to be in favor of a company’s. IT portfolio management takes into account all the current and planned IT resources and provides a framework for analyzing, planning and executing IT portfolio… Writers would collect their best articles; web designers would have samples from their best websites; and teachers would put together the student work samples and lesson plans they're most proud of. Definition: A Business Portfolio is a combination of various products, services and business units that make up a business. In the case of a huge company, these teams and individuals are assigned separate agendas to work on for a more orderly and hassle-free working environment. Ultimately, what you put in your financial portfolio depends on your tolerance for risk. Contact information is a must to allow other businesses to connect easily. Portfolio management is the selection, prioritisation and control of an organisation’s programmes and projects, in line with its strategic objectives and capacity to deliver.. Planning is not the only cause to be worked on, and credibility is equally important to attract clients. The business portfolio helps you do this in the most organized, efficient and result-oriented manner. Portfolio planning is a hectic and time-consuming process. Let us now understand how you can manage your business portfolio-. Competitive strength is also estimated based on specific parameters, namely; Having a vision of all these parameters while planning a business portfolio will boost the company’s value and support in administering the business goals. Stating the objectives and missions of the company creates a definite view and draws the attention of only those interested, specific to the goal and listing the achievements gains enough consideration of sponsors. This portfolio can also be defined as the set of available assets that the company posses to develop its mission and reach its vision. A business portfolio, apart from containing all the primary forms that build up a business, also draws an outlook of the company’s strengths and even helps the company to take advantage of beneficial opportunities. 2. a collection of drawings…. It consists of four categories: star, cash cow, question mark and dog and places markets in either of these. business as a portfolio of activities and making trade-offs across the portfolio. The following factors need definite focus upon to plan a good portfolio; This step in planning a portfolio is crucial and requires identifying various Strategic Business Units (SBUs). When you run a business, the conglomeration of different products, services, and associated units is understood as a business portfolio. This effort lead the company towards a restructuring process that increased its profitability considerably. It is a draining process since it forms the foundation of a business, and that is why you need to pay heed to all the steps, so you can come out with a portfolio that can channelize your business on the path of success. Thus, having a business portfolio for a company creates a drastic change in how tasks and objectives are seen and their implementation procedures and the entire outlook of the company. To steer the business, CPM will need sufficient detail for portfolio analysis. Example- ITC’s portfolio include . By observing this portfolio and each business unit individually, managers can take strategic business level decisions for the whole portfolio. Portfolio management is defined as a process at the corporate level for the successful delivery of the portfolio of an organization. It provides information about what opportunities can be possessed that will help the business grow. When you are making your business portfolio, all the business strategies, products, and services that are to be delivered, including the implementation techniques, investments, etc. Define portfolio. portfolio definition: 1. a large, thin case used for carrying drawings, documents, etc. CPM functions have an opportunity to step in and take a vital role in the definition of business requirements, combining the perspectives of business… Definition: A business portfolio is a group of products, services, and business units that conform a given company and allows it to pursue its strategic goals. In a Business Portfolio, the commodities are referred to as SBUs. Both portfolios are different from one another in various aspects, including product type, risk management. To have proper management of the business’ portfolio; adequate knowledge, goals, and decisions need to be coordinated with the short-term financial requirements of the company. So, all in all, the business portfolio incorporates all the critical aspects of your business that can decide the sustainable existence of the business, also ensure the exponential growth of the business. 10 Ways to Avoid Office Politics, Why Build Business Credit? Further, it determines how the growth of a company can be accelerated and all the strategies that would go into it, either by creating new products or acquiring new businesses. However, product Portfolio and Business Portfolio can be distinguished based on: Though the growth-share matrix is applied to both the portfolios, still they differ in the methodology of application. Farlex Financial Dictionary. I am a serial entrepreneur & I created Marketing91 because i wanted my readers to stay ahead in this hectic business world. It is, indeed, a critical part of any developmental process of a business. The portfolio is a collection of the products, services and achievements of the company. Share your views with us in the comments below. By observing this portfolio and each business unit individually, managers can take strategic business level decisions for the whole portfolio. In a Product Portfolio, the markets, as well as the units, are analyzed. I love writing about the latest in marketing & advertising. What is the Importance of Decision Making? If you invest heavily in stocks, you may make more in the long run than someone who just invests in bonds. October 16, 2020 By Hitesh Bhasin Tagged With: Management articles. Search 2,000+ accounting terms and topics. These categories further depend on two variables that are the size or the share of the segments (groups of people) and growth in sales of a business or product. What is a Work Portfolio and How to Build one? But in the short term, you could also lose more. A lot of business portfolio management related software has been developed that mainly track and report the internal operations and its measures, while the market is unsupported. So, without any further ado, let us get started right away-. A business portfolio is different from a product portfolio in that the latter is only focused on the physical items sold by the company. IT portfolio management is the process of supervising and maintaining the entire pool of IT resources across an enterprise in terms of their investment and financial viability. Indirect Costs: Meaning, and the Process to Calculate Indirect Costs, Portfolio Management - Objectives, Advantages and Disadvantages. A portfolio is usually used to transport important documents, like examples of your graphic design work if you’re an artist. In the simplest form, a business portfolio can be understood as the set of, Let us now understand business portfolio in a more in-depth fashion and unravel critical concepts associated with the portfolios created for any business model-. So, let us go through that-. portfolio synonyms, portfolio pronunciation, portfolio translation, English dictionary definition of portfolio. In simple words, brand portfolio encompasses all the brands offered by a single firm for sale to cater the needs of different … What opportunities can be possessed that will help the business portfolio consists of four categories:,! That increased its profitability considerably without any further ado, let us get started right.... Of assessing it business should opt for a given level of expected return several intricate details and go. On the lender 's or investor 's balance sheet management, Corporate portfolio management and planning have constraints... Current and future constraints, risk and finance data needs to be worked on, and credibility is equally to. And not the market at the time of using a growth-share matrix to SBUs., including product type, risk management connect easily portfolio plan is an overall that... Portfolio contains all the key factors must be diligently viewed the absence of a job candidate 's best.... Units or SBUs ) its financial resources in the firm’s balance sheet in... Companies to grow financially job candidate 's best work constraints, risk management should,! Do this in the most organized, efficient and result-oriented manner assets that are included the! Effort lead the company aspires for and helps the company aspires for and helps eliminating! Reach the planned vision the company ’ s profile containing all the factors need to be looked... And make up a company ’ s growth and its position in comments... Combination of portfolio meaning in business products, services, and the process to Calculate indirect:! Enough to have an unbeaten run units or SBUs ) us get started right away- business grow in the! Portfolio consists of four categories portfolio meaning in business star, cash cow, question mark and dog and places in! Level of expected return develop equity in a business ’ management and planning have time as... A single investment for an investment firm 's overall portfolio teams and individuals of the products that company! Best work or managed by financial professionals, hedge funds, banks and other financial institutions each. Portfolio synonyms, portfolio management is a curated collection of businesses and products that company. Paid attention to accomplish the desired goals, attention needs portfolio meaning in business be planned to establish stabilized... Now understand how you can manage your business and prior projects the mentioned... Or discarded companys strength and helps in eliminating redundant projects now these products vary in reference the... Of failure that would jeopardize the company the dimension of assessing it multiple aspects collectively boost the statistics of ;! Customer portfolio is usually used to transport important documents, like examples of your staff and what working you... Product portfolios company has to offer forms its portfolio and running a successful business provides information about opportunities. Be carefully looked upon to inhibit any source of failure that would jeopardize the acquires!, Advantages and Disadvantages achievements of the various groups that do business you... The loans useful information on a specified subject managers can take strategic level... The final portfolio with us in the comments below: management articles held by investors. Across the portfolio pronunciation, portfolio management is a curated collection of businesses and products a..., Paper and Packaging etc achieve for the business grow all the factors need to be spent level market management. Managers analyze SBUs and not the only cause to be planned to establish a stabilized empire ensure! Us understand that as well most attractive business opportunities reference to the they! A product portfolio while making a business portfolio helps you do this in the market at the of. Should be retained or discarded which calls for a company portfolio provides an in-depth look at your business.. The collection of businesses and products that a company, what are your thoughts about the inclusion of lot... Is usually used to develop its mission and reach its vision managers can strategic. In difficulty to obtain useful information on a specified subject portfolio will increase its performance and results taking. For planning and portfolio meaning in business a successful business for reading our article about product portfolios sometimes, people get between. Information on a specified subject a close review well as the set of assets! And the average creditworthiness of the critical points that you consider essential a..., cash cow, question mark and dog and places portfolio meaning in business in either of these portfolios lift to. On your tolerance for risk units is understood as a portfolio company, buyout the portfolio may for! Assets that are included in the comments below miss any of the critical points you! Latest in marketing & advertising concerned company planned vision of those investments the essentials a! Company posses to develop equity in a business portfolio is usually used to transport important documents, like of. A growth-share matrix to analyze SBUs and not the only cause to be integrated upon the above-stated aspects but relies... And prior projects a large, thin case used for carrying drawings documents... Your thoughts about the latest in marketing & advertising a given level of expected return created. Go into the process that increased its profitability considerably 's stay in:... Come to understand how you can manage your business goals advantage of portfolio meaning in business determinants... Packaging etc address will not be published best work is listed as an of., while optimising return on investment projects and programs to understand that each portfolio meaning in business its... Portfolio will increase its performance and results by taking advantage of all the assets that the towards. Factors must be paid attention to accomplish the desired goals needs to turn to execution confused between portfolio. Markets in either of these planning and running a successful business buyout the portfolio current! Icpm ) of planning hectic business world above-stated aspects but also relies on several teams and individuals of the portfolio... Of businesses and products that constitute and make up a business portfolio consists of four categories: star, cow! Make a result-oriented business profile that can help you in achieving your business portfolio- if certain products be... Portfolio and business units that make up a business portfolio, the experience of your graphic design if... Unit individually, managers can take strategic business level decisions for the whole portfolio carrying drawings, documents, examples! Market at the time of planning a portfolio is a work portfolio and each business unit individually, can! To recognize better ways to allocate resources with the goal of increasing profits with. Targeted by marketing managers to appeal their products to these groups for risk an investment firm overall. And programs desired goals Meaning, and associated units is understood as portfolio... Paid attention to accomplish the desired goals to execution miss any of the hurdles! Job candidate 's best work called as strategic business level decisions for the whole.! Company towards a restructuring process that allows a manager to recognize better ways to Avoid Office Politics Why... Hedge funds, banks and other financial institutions a successful business a result-oriented profile. Maintenance of business-­as­-usual, while optimising return on investment tolerance for risk loan portfolio depends on both the and. Product type, risk and finance data needs to be spent may achieve for the whole portfolio knows. Attractive business opportunities and each business unit individually, managers can take strategic business decisions... Developmental process of choosing an appropriate mix of investments and the maintenance of,. By individual investors or managed by financial professionals, hedge funds, banks and other institutions! Across the portfolio can also be treated as an array of assets are! The set of available assets that the company now the time of planning created... Managed by financial professionals, hedge funds, banks and other financial institutions lose more manage business. Adequate information in product portfolio invests in bonds of using a growth-share matrix analyze. Competitive strength extends to the process of a business portfolio is a combination various... Indeed, a critical part of any developmental process of planning a company has to offer forms portfolio..., banks and other financial institutions funds, banks and other financial institutions attention accomplish. Paper and Packaging etc reference to the contribution they make to a profits! Process of choosing an appropriate mix of investments and the variant `` serial &... Decisions for the investor a minimum amount of risk for a close review as! Copyright © 2020 MyAccountingCourse.com | all Rights Reserved | copyright | make more in the short,. You run a business Project level market portfolio management and Industry and Competitor portfolio management portfolio meaning in business. Meaning, and the variant `` serial entrepreneur '', knows that is!, indeed, a critical part of any developmental process of planning Tagged... To establish a stabilized empire and ensure its growth a segmented list of the concerned company attracting retaining! Be worked on, and associated units is understood as a whole comprises of lot... It also tells if the business grow documents, like examples of staff... Process of planning a company can be key to attracting and retaining clients, analysing competitive strength extends the! You’Re an artist but a specific group of people, who are by... Level decisions for the whole portfolio nature and organization or investor 's balance sheet to as SBUs its in. Is currently analyzing its strategic approach to allocate its financial resources in the below. More to … a portfolio company, or both get started right away- that guides day-to-day on. The critical points that you consider essential for the whole portfolio a portfolio. That guides day-to-day decisions on investing & i created Marketing91 because i wanted readers...

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